Chapter 6 - Gender, sexuality, and intimacies Flashcards
What is the definition of gender identity?
People’s self-concept about their gender and is a personal understanding of one’s gender different from the biological sex of an individual
What does gender expression refer to?
How people perform and read gender from bodies and how we express gender ourselves (the outward manifestation of gender identity)
What term do sociologists use when discussing biological aspects of gender?
Sex assigned at birth. This is the classification of individuals as male or female based on biological attributes.
How is sexuality defined?
Describes how people are physically and/or emotionally attracted to others. It encompasses a range of attractions, including heterosexual, homosexual, and bisexual orientations.
What is the relationship between biological facts and discussions of sex, gender, and sexuality?
The influence by what people understand as the biological facts of human bodies. Cultural ideas of femininity and masculinity shapes
What does Judith Butler argue regarding gender?
There is no natural basis to gender and no inherent link between gender and sex and suggests that gender identity is formed through repeated acts.
Define hegemonic masculinity.
The kind of masculinity that is most dominant and often used as a measuring stick for others. It represents the societal ideal of masculinity that is privileged over others.
What is hegemonic femininity?
The corollary for femininity in relation to hegemonic masculinity.It describes the dominant ideals of femininity that align with societal norms.
What are gendered scripts?
Describe how gender and sexuality influence how people interact with each other. Scripts dictate expected behaviors based on one’s gender and sexual orientation.
What challenges do toxic masculinity and rape culture present?
Entail changes to the way men ‘should’ behave in sexual relationships.
What does the term femme describe?
Those who embrace some feminine qualities and fall on the LGBTQ2S+ spectrum. This term challenges the notion that femininity is natural and compliant.
What is reproductive labour?
This includes childcare, cooking, and other domestic responsibilities. The labour required to keep human beings alive, often performed by women.
What is the second shift?
The double work day of many women, who work outside the home but are also responsible for domestic labour. Highlights the imbalance in household duties.
How has women’s participation in paid labour changed since WWI?
Women began to enter the paid workforce in large numbers during and after WWI.
What is the wage gap?
The difference in compensation for men and women. This gap is influenced by various factors, including race and class.
What does the motherhood penalty refer to?
The gap in pay, benefits, recommended salaries, and perceived competence between mothers and non-mothers in the workplace. Disadvantages mothers face in professional settings.
What is the glass ceiling?
Barriers that women face in promotion, often due to unwritten policies or biases. It symbolizes the invisible barriers to advancement in the workplace.
What does the glass escalator refer to?
The ways in which men (often white, heterosexual) are put on a fast track for promotion. Highlights the advantages men experience in female-dominated professions.
How do gender and sexualities change across cultures?
They are influenced by culture, and sociologists study the relationship between cultural beliefs and gender roles. Examining how cultural norms shape perceptions of gender and sexuality.
Provide three cases where gender and sexualities are shaped by culture.
- Rural women and queer folks
- Reproductive justice
- Honour killings
These cases illustrate the complex interactions between culture, gender, and sexuality.
