Chapter 11 - Medicalizaiton

Question 1

What were madness and sexuality first subject to according to Foucault?

Answer 1

The moral model, and later the medical model.

Question 2

What is the leading cause of death among young people aged 15-24?

Answer 2

Suicide.

Question 3

How is suicide often viewed, and what does Durkheim suggest about its nature?

Answer 3

Often thought of as individual, but intimately connected with the social.

Question 4

What did youth in a community affected by suicide identify as key to understanding their mental health?

Answer 4

Social relationships and connections.
* This allows for the population to develop programs or help in order to support individuals struggling with these sectors listed above

Question 5

What are the components of Canada’s health care system?

Answer 5

Complex system with provinces/territories responsible and federal funding provided.

Question 6

What type of health services does Canada publicly fund?

Answer 6

Services deemed ‘medically necessary’.

Question 7

What are the three categories of health services in Canada?

Answer 7

• Public: hospitals, physicians, nurse practitioners
• Private: dental, vision, complementary services
• Mixed: prescriptions, home care, mental health.

Question 8

What is a significant barrier to access health care in Canada?

Answer 8

Long wait times for services.

Question 9

What is a critical need for the Canadian health care system to prevent?

Answer 9

A privatized system.

Question 10

Where is the supply of physicians concentrated in Canada?

Answer 10

Urban centres.

Question 11

Who faces specific barriers to care in the Canadian health system?

Answer 11

Immigrants.

Question 12

Which group is among the most disadvantaged in terms of access to health care?

Answer 12

Indigenous people.

Question 13

What was the ruling in Chaoulli v Quebec (AG) regarding private health care?

Answer 13

Quebec prohibitions on private health and hospital insurance are inconsistent with the Quebec Charter of Rights and Freedom.
* This was the idea that Chaoulli was a case who opperated a private procedure for cash

Question 14

What was the outcome of the Cambie Surgeries Corporation v. British Columbia (AG) case?

Answer 14

Long waits for treatment denied some patients their charter rights, but violations permitted under principles of fundamental justice.
* This shows that a surgery clinic has displayed that everyone has the right to pay for services if the services are too long

Question 15

What does Section 7 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms guarantee?

Answer 15

The right to life, liberty, and security of the person.

Question 16

What are the challenges in the health care field as summarized?

Answer 16

• Broad range of health indicators
• Aging and changing population
• Limitless medicalization of various states of being.

Question 17

What percentage of Canadians needing health care services were unable to schedule one or more appointments during the first year of the pandemic?

Answer 17

Almost 1 in 10.

Question 18

What proportion of Canadians reported an unmet need for health care services in the year preceding the survey?

Answer 18

One in seven.

Question 19

What impact did difficulty accessing health care services have on people’s lives during the pandemic?

Answer 19

Reported a negative impact on their life.

Question 20

What fraction of Canadians delayed contacting a medical professional during the first year of the pandemic?

Answer 20

Over one-quarter.

Question 21

What percentage of First Nations, Inuit, and Métis adults experienced difficulty accessing health care services during the first year of the pandemic?

Answer 21

Over half.

Question 22

What was Foucault’s views on medicalization?

Answer 22

• he examined different examples of how we can affect things through medicalization and how things are diagnosed
• He examined how labelling different conditions and what not causes a stigma around those individuals

Question 23

What were Foucault’s findings on madness?

Answer 23

• He found that madness happened at this times because these people were not able to work and this was a larger quality at one time
• Madness also tended to be associated with a moral or societal issue

Question 24

What were Foucault’s findings on sexuality?

Answer 24

• He found that sexuality was governed by religions (less religious sections were then governed by medicine)
• Some how medicalization was the cause of the move from the religious to medical influences of sexuality
• This also examined how different sexuality expressions were thought of as a illness and where attempts to be cured (homosexuality)

Question 25

What was the problem to leaving different medicalization to just medicine?

Answer 25

* This process focused more on the biomedical aspects and not the personal experiences or accoutns * Doctors also just attempted to select the only things that can lead to a diagnosis * This also lead to different stigmas in the medical fields

Question 26

What is one of the different social implamentations of the popularity of sucicide?

Answer 26

* As more people do it and that it is heard of, it becomes more common and this death rates have increased

Question 27

What did the study of suicide reveal was the actual cause of suicide?

Answer 27

* Lack of mental health, education, resources, and more leads to suicide

Question 28

What are universal elements to health care?

Answer 28

* Healthcare is administered on a public scale * it covers all meccessary services that could be needed * It's techniques are universal * It is portable (this is limited for us to the idea that it is available anywhere in Canada and we get covered for it) * Everyone should have access to the needed or desired services

Question 29

What are barriers and challenges to health care

Answer 29

* individuals you live remotely have to travel o get the facilities that they need and the treatments that are required * this need to travel to different facilities indicates that there is a lack of services, meaning that there is an increase in wait times * Depending on our socioeconomic status and our job type, this will influence our abilities to access healthcare * due to large wait lists for free health care, individuals are now paying to receive out of province health care opportunities

Question 30

What was the justification in the Chaoulli V. Quebec case

Answer 30

* it was argued that wait times are too large and it is causing impacts to the human populations * These wait times were also said to violate different aspects of Canadians human rights and freedoms

Question 31

What was the justifications in the Cambie Surgeries Corperations V. British Columbia

Answer 31

* The wait times for surgeries violates our right to life that is focused on under the human rights * Its better for fundemental justice if someone has to wait for too long

Question 32

In both of the health care law suits against the 2 provinces what were the counter evidence that the courts pointed out with these private operations?

Answer 32

* There was no evidence that healthcare being privatized actually changes the wait times for people * This actually leads to more inequality as not everyone can access it (not everyone could afford these pricey services therefore this maintained different inequality aspects within the populations)

Question 33

What are the arguments that the privatized system argues?

Answer 33

* Doctors get more money through privatization of services which can cause doctors to stay within Canada * This can actually decrease the wait times within the public sector wait list * there is technically no main list of people who get privatized procedure that are getting done but it is only suspected that this will increase over time

Question 34

What are the problems with privatization of systems?

Answer 34

* Any complications are hard to deal with if one does not receive the garenteed satisfactions that is provided through the public sector

Question 35

What are issues that have increased after COVID-19?

Answer 35

* People who need services or appointments have increased in the people who can not access these services (this had further lead individuals avoiding going to see a healthcare provider at all) * There has been an increase in people who have not been able to recieve the services that they want or need * This has lead to people delaying going in for certain things as other things were considered to be more important at the time * This lead to negative/unequal access in terms of age related treatments * This has also lead to a change in who is able to access the healthcare system at this time in terms of ethnicity and populations