Chapter 10 - Health, Illness, and Disability in Canada

Question 1

What is the WHO’s definition of health?

Answer 1

Complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. (This is the current definitions of health)

Question 2

What model is typically used for measuring physical health?

Answer 2

Biomedical model.

Question 3

What does social well-being refer to?

Answer 3

Environments and relationships surrounding an individual.

Question 4

True or False: The enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health is a fundamental right for every human being.

Answer 4

True.

Question 5

What are the three recommendations for action on social determinants of health?

Answer 5

• Improve daily living conditions
• Tackle the inequitable distribution of power, money, and resources
• Measure and understand the problem and assess the impact of action.

Question 6

What is the importance of an intersectional lens in health research?

Answer 6

It addresses health inequity by considering multiple socio-demographic factors.

Question 7

List five socio-demographic factors known to influence health and illness.

Answer 7

• Gender
• Race/Ethnicity
• Socioeconomic status
• Age
• Social location.

Question 8

What is environmental racism?

Answer 8

Racial discrimination in environmental policy-making, targeting communities of color for toxic waste facilities.
* this is the idea that people tend to live in a community and have a decreased access to certain aspects of health unlike our communities

Question 9

How has colonization impacted Indigenous people’s health in Canada?

Answer 9

Lower life expectancies, higher infant mortality, and higher rates of mental illness and suicide compared to non-Indigenous people.

Question 10

What does environmental justice encompass?

Answer 10

The principle that all people and communities are entitled to equal protection of environmental and public health laws.

Question 11

What is life course research?

Answer 11

Intersectional health research examining the impact of exposure to social inequalities over time and across different developmental stages.

Question 12

Define disability in the context of social sciences.

Answer 12

A social category that contributes to the exclusion of and prejudice against people with bodily or cognitive variations.
* this is the idea of define things in different social terms

Question 13

What does critical disability studies emphasize?

Answer 13

Lived experiences of marginalized people with impairments and promotes greater inclusivity in society.
* these studies do not just rely on standard tests

Question 14

What is medicalization?

Answer 14

The process of labeling behaviors that were once considered deviant as medical conditions.
* as a society we decide that certain things are considered to be a disease

Question 15

List two advantages of medicalization.

Answer 15

• Recognizes a condition as beyond the control of the individual
• Allows for diagnoses and treatment.
• conditions allows for different aspects to be tested in order to realize what is the happening in order to reach the proper diagnosis

Question 16

List two disadvantages of medicalization.

Answer 16

• Assumes behaviors are inherently abnormal
• Is driven by pharmaceutical companies who benefit financially.
• certain behaviours are socially acceptable to a certain point
  *medicalization may contain different psychological aspects that are contained within social contexts and how do we deal with these

Question 17

What is the medical model of addiction?

Answer 17

Addiction is seen as a disease, influenced by increasing power of physicians and economic incentives.

Question 18

Fill in the blank: The _______ model allows for a more humanitarian approach to addiction.

Answer 18

Medical.

Question 19

Describe the sector of mental in terms of the WHO’s definitions of health

Answer 19

• Mental health is the study or focus on an individual’s psychology

Question 20

Describe the sector of social well-being in terms of the WHO’s definitions of health

Answer 20

• Social well-being is the examination of things that contribute to our overall health based off of a social environments that we are group into

Question 21

What are critics for the biomedical model

Answer 21

• People are considered to be well based off of their lack of expression in a certain disease (the idea of being undiagnosible)

Question 22

What does the WHO focus on?

Answer 22

• focuses on social and various inequalities in terms of influencing our health
• They really focus on the idea of the importance of woman and children’s health as both of these are the generations of the future

Question 23

What is resisliance in society

Answer 23

• This is the process of creating policies or facilities that allows for our society to adapt for people who have chronic conditions, making every day living more accessible

Question 24

Describe the top 10 and the bottom 10 world ranking model

Answer 24

• This model discusses how happiness and well-being are subjectively measured
• The results of this have displayed that western countries have dropped on the rated happiness scale as a result of younger generations

Question 25

What does happiness seem to be based off of?

Answer 25

* Economic elements * Social supports * life expectancy * freedom in life choices * generosity (this is the idea that people who precieve individuals as friendly will result in them liking you more) * dystopia (the belief that society is doomed and changes the hopes for society in the future perceptions of corruptions)

Question 26

Why has the happiness scales of western countries dropped

Answer 26

* societal pressures and expectations * more education required in order for society to recieve more higher paid jobs * changes in the economy * changes in social contexts and social connections * current focus on moving towards social indvidualism * rise of precarious work

Question 27

What was the main example of environmental racism that was studied in this class?

Answer 27

* The main situation that was covered in this course was the idea of different waste facilities or dumping grounds being on reserves * This example above shows that communities that tend to be less income brackets and of rascisal differences tends to be the centre of exposure

Question 28

Describe what latent affects in health are

Answer 28

* These are pre-exposure to certain conditions can lead to negative impacts of times

Question 29

Describe what pathways in health are`

Answer 29

* These are our life choices and experiences that could lead to more of a health concern

Question 30

Describe what a culative effect in health is

Answer 30

* This is how long we experience something

Question 31

What is the prejudice of individuals who have disabilities?

Answer 31

* This is the idea that people who can not part take in certain everyday tasks are considered to be disabled

Question 32

In the past was medicalization?

Answer 32

* In the past, there was more of a focus on individual reactions and that it was an individualized responsibility (this was if the condition was cureable)