Chapter 6: Gas Exchange and Transport Flashcards
What are the requirements for gas exchange?
Be moist, thin and permeable, large surface area, and have a greater concentration gradient of gas
What are alveoli?
A tiny air sac located on the end of a bronchiole
What are epithelial cells?
A cell in a sheet of cells covering any external surface in a multi cellular organism
What are capillaries?
A very narrow blood vessel found between arteries and veins; part of a branching netwrok that reaches to within a very small distance of every blood cell
How thick is the capillary wall?
One cell thick
What are gills?
The gas exchange structure of a fish
What is an operculum?
A protective covering over the gills in bony fish
What is the counter-current exchange?
The mechanism observed in various systems in living things, and mimicked in engineering, where there is an exchange of particles or energy (heat) between two bodies flowing in opposite directions to each other
What does the counter-current exchange do?
Ensures maximum gaseous diffusion by maintaining a high concentration gradient
How does the circulatory system facilitate the necessary exchange of materials between cells and external environment?
Fluid (blood) in which materials are transported, Closed system of tubes (blood vessels) in which fluid travels, and a pump (heart) that pushes the fluid through the vessel
What is a closed circulatory system?
A type of circulatory system in which blood in confined to a series of paths or vessels
What are ateries?
A blood vessel that takes blood away from the heart
What are veins?
A blood vessel that carries blood to the heart
What are the three main types of lood vessels?
Arteries, veins and capillaries
What do arteries and veins do?
Arteries carry blood away from the heart, veins carry blood towards the heart
