chapter 6 eukaryotic cells

Question 1

nucleus

Answer 1

has DNA and most GENES

Question 2

membrane bound organelles

Answer 2

all eukaryotic cells have a MITOCHONDRIA

Question 3

Plant & animal cells are different

Answer 3

Plant cells lack centrosomes, which animal cells have.

Animal cells lack a cell wall, which plant cells have

Question 4

chromatin

Answer 4

Within the nucleus are DNA double helix & histone proteins that together

DNA+ histone proteins

Question 5

Chromatin condenses to form discrete chromosomes

Answer 5

as a cell prepares to divide

Question 6

Nucleolus

Answer 6

s located within the nucleus and is the site of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) synthesis

Question 7

Ribosomes use information from the

Answer 7

DNA to make proteins

Question 8

Nuclear envelope

Answer 8

encloses nucleus, separating it from

cytoplasm

Question 9

nuclear membrane

Answer 9

which is a double membrane (inner & outer) & there are nuclear pores

Question 10

Ribosomes

Answer 10

are particles made of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and protein

Question 11

Ribosomes carry out protein synthesis in two locations

Answer 11

cytosol
outside of the endoplasmic reticulum
nuclear envelope

Question 12

compare mitochondria and chloroplasts

Answer 12

have their own ribosomes
- Enveloped by a double membrane
– Contain free ribosomes & circular DNA molecules
– Grow and reproduce somewhat independently in cells

Question 13

Smooth ER

Answer 13

-lack ribosomes
-Synthesizes lipids
• Metabolizes carbohydrates
• Detoxifies drugs and poisons
• Stores calcium ions

Question 14

Rough ER

Answer 14

contains ribsomes which secrete glycoproteins ((proteins covalently bonded to carbohydrates)

• membrane factory for cell
• distributes transport vesicles

Question 15

Golgi Appartus (shipping and recieveing center)

Answer 15

consists of flattened membranous sacs called cisternae.

Question 16

functions of the golgi

Answer 16

– Modifies products of ER
– Manufactures certain macromolecules
– Sorts and packages materials into transport vesicles

Question 17

Lysosomes

Answer 17

is a membranous sac of hydrolytic enzymes that can digest macromolecules

Question 18

Lysosomal enzymes can hydrolyze

Answer 18

proteins, fats, polysaccharides, and nucleic acids

Question 19

phagocytosis

Answer 19

this forms a food vacuole

Question 20

Lysosome fuses with food vacuole &

Answer 20

digests the molecules

Question 21

Vacuoles

Answer 21

Food vacuoles are formed by phagocytosis
– Contractile vacuoles pump excess water out of cells
– Central vacuoles hold organic compounds and water

Question 22

Mitochondria

Answer 22

are the sites of cellular respiration, a metabolic process that uses oxygen to generate ATP

Question 23

Chloroplasts

Answer 23

found in plants and algae, are the sites of photosynthesis

Question 24

cristae

Answer 24

smooth outer membrane and an inner membrane folded into cristae. Large surface area for enzymes that synthesize ATP.

Question 25

endosymbiont merged

Answer 25

into a single organism

Question 26

chloroplasts contains

Answer 26

DNA + green pigment

chlorophyll + enzymes & function in photosynthesis

Question 27

chloroplasts structure

Answer 27

Thylakoids, membranous sacs, stacked to form a granum. Stroma, the internal fluid

Question 28

cytoskeleton

Answer 28

is a network
of fibers that organizes structures and
activities in the cell

Question 29

cytoskeleton composed of 3 types of molecular structures.

Answer 29

– Microtubules
– Microfilaments
– Intermediate filaments