Chapter 4 Carbon Lecture Flashcards
Organic Chemistry
is the study of carbon compounds
Organic compounds contains which atoms?
hydrogen atoms and carbon atoms
Living organisms consists of which compounds?
Proteins, DNA, carbohydrates, and other molecules that distinguish
living matter are all composed of carbon compounds
How many covalent bonds can carbon form?
4 covalent bonds with a variety of atoms
this ability can make large, complex molecules
four bonds
Tetrahedral shape
2 carbon atoms joined by a double bond
the atoms joined to the carbon are in the same plane as the carbons
Valence electron
(Group number in which the element is in) Group 7 Halogens
Hydrocarbons
are organic molecules consisting of only carbon and hydrogen
Examples, many fats
Hydrocarbons can undergo reactions that release a
Large amount of ENERGY.
Isomers
are compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures and properties
Enantiomers
are isomers that are mirror images of each other
Testosterones
male sex hormone
estradiol
female sex hormone
Functional groups
are the components of organic molecules that are most commonly involved in chemical reactions
7 chemical functional groups
1) Hydroxy 2) Carbonyl 3) Carboxyl 4) Amino
5) Sulfhydryl
6) Phosphate
7) Methyl Group
The number and arrangement of functional groups give each molecule its unique properties
The first 6 are hydrophillic & increase the solubility of organic compounds in water
ATP
adenosine triphosphate
What is ATP?
1 phosphate molecule, is the primary energy-transferring molecule in the cell
ATP consists of an organic molecule
called adenosine attached to a string of 3 phosphate groups
The phosphate functional group gives the molecule a negative charge
and gives it the potential to react with water, releasing energy
