Chapter 5 Carbs, Lipids and Proteins: Part 1

Question 1

All living things are made up of 4 classes of large biological organic molecules:

Answer 1

• Carbohydrates*
• Lipids
• Proteins*
• Nucleic acids*

Question 2

Macromolecules are POLYMERS

Answer 2

large molecules composed of 1000s of covalently connected atoms

Question 3

Define Polymer

Answer 3

is a long molecule consisting of many similar small building- block molecules called monomers

Question 4

Carbohydrates serve as…

Answer 4

fuel & building material

Question 5

Carbohydrates include sugar and….

Answer 5

the polymers of sugar

Question 6

Carbohydrate macromolecules

Answer 6

are polysaccharides, polymers composed of many monosaccharide (sugar) building blocks

Question 7

dehydration reaction

Answer 7

occurs when two monomers bond together through the loss of a water molecule

Question 8

hydrolysis

Answer 8

a reaction that is essentially the reverse of the dehydration reaction

Question 9

Polymers are disassembled to monomers by

Answer 9

hydrolysis

Question 10

Monosaccharides

Answer 10

(the simplest single sugars) have molecular formulas that are usually multiples of CH2O

Question 11

Glucose (C6H12O6)

Answer 11

most common monosaccharide

Question 12

carbonyl group

Answer 12

aldose or ketose

& the number of carbons in the carbon skeleton

Question 13

sugars form

Answer 13

rings

Question 14

disaccharide

Answer 14

is formed when a dehydration reaction joins two monosaccharides

Question 15

glycosidic linkage

Answer 15

covalent bond

Question 16

Polysaccharides

Answer 16

the polymers of sugars, have storage & structural roles

Question 17

Structure & function of a polysaccharide are determined by

Answer 17

its sugar monomers and the positions of glycosidic linkages

Question 18

STARCH

Answer 18

storage polysaccharide of plants, consists of entirely glucose monomers

Question 19

Simplest form of starch is?

Answer 19

AMYLOSE

Question 20

GLYCOGEN

Answer 20

storage polysaccharide in animals

Question 21

Humans & other vertebrates store glycogen

Answer 21

mainly in liver and muscle cells

Question 22

cellulose

Answer 22

(Polysaccharide)major component of the tough walls of plant cells

Question 23

Polymers with (a) glucose (as in starch) are

Answer 23

helical

Question 24

Polymers with (B) glucose (as in cellulose) are

Answer 24

straight

Question 25

straight structures

Answer 25

H atoms on 1 strand can bond with OH groups on other strands

Question 26

Parallel cellulose molecules held together this way are grouped into microfibrils

Answer 26

which form strong building materials for plants

Question 27

Define CELLULOSE

Answer 27

Enzymes that digest starch by hydrolyzing  linkages can’t hydrolyze  linkages in cellulose

Question 28

Cellulose in human food passes through digestive tract as insoluble fiber

Answer 28

.

Question 29

CHITIN

Answer 29

Found in exoskeleton of

arthropods AND Provides structural support for cell walls of fungi