Chapter 6: Emotion and Affect

Question 1

Emotion

Answer 1

Conscious evaluative reaction linked to some events.
Reaction to something

Question 2

Mood

Answer 2

Feeling state, not linked to some event.

Question 3

Affect

Answer 3

Automatic response that something is good or bad

Question 4

Conscious Emotion

Answer 4

Powerful and clearly unified feeling state
Anger or joy

Question 5

Automatic Effect

Answer 5

Quick response of liking or disliking something

Question 6

What do we refer to when we use the term emotion

Answer 6

Conscious reaction, including bodily reaction.

Question 7

What do we refer to when we use the term affect

Answer 7

Automatic response

Question 8

There are two aspects of emotional arousal

Answer 8

Mental aspects: subjective feeling and interpretations
Physical aspects: racing heartbeat or tears

Question 9

Arousal

Answer 9

Physiological reaction, faster heartbeat/breathing
linked to most conscious emotions

Question 10

James-Lange theory of emotion

Answer 10

bodily processes of emotion come first and the mind’s perception of these bodily reactions the creates the subjective feeling of emotion.

if something happens your body and mind respond to it – these physiological events form the basis for the emotion you feel.

Question 11

Facial feedback hypothesis

Answer 11

The idea that feedback from the face muscles evoke or magnify emotions

Question 12

Schachter-SInger theory of emotion

Answer 12

The idea that emotion has 2 components:
Bodily state of arousal
Cognitive label

Question 13

What does arousal determine

Answer 13

That there is going to be an emotion, and how strong it will be

Question 14

What does cognitive label determine

Answer 14

What emotion will be felt

Question 15

Misattribution of arousal

Answer 15

Theory allows for for arousal states to be mislabeled or re-labelled

Question 16

Excitation theory

Answer 16

the idea that arousal from one event cab transfer to a later event

Question 17

Two basic arousal stages

Answer 17

Pleasant
Unpleasant

Question 18

Hapiness

Answer 18

Simply feeling good right now

Question 19

How do you measure happiness

Answer 19

Affect balance - Frequency of positive emotions minus the frequency of negative emotions

Question 20

What is the most complex form of happiness

Answer 20

Life satisfaction - An evaluation of how your life is generally and how it compares to some standard

Question 21

Steps to take on reducing the negative effect on happiness

Answer 21

1. Have a stable relationship
2. Extend the newlywed phase of life
3. Save up some money

Question 22

Hedonic Treadmill

Answer 22

A theory proposing that people stay at about the same level of happiness regardless of what happens to them

Question 23

Subjective predictors

Answer 23

How you feel about something

Question 24

Objective predictors

Answer 24

The thing itself

Question 25

How to increase happiness

Answer 25

Focus one’s attention on positive things
- Forgiving
- Gratefulness
- Practicing religious beliefs
- Being optimistic

Question 26

Emodiversity

Answer 26

The degree to which a person experiences the variety and relative abundance of human emotions

Question 27

Anger

Answer 27

An emotional response to a real or imagined threat or provocation

Question 28

Is anger maladaptive

Answer 28

Anger is adaptive because it motivates the person to act aggressively and assertively

Anger helps reduce aggression. May worn you something is wrong and that aggression is coming.

Question 29

How to deal with anger

Answer 29

1. Never show anger - suppressing can have long term effect as heart disease.
2. Vent one’s anger - Catharsis theory - idea of expressing negative emotions produces a healthy release of those emotions, good for psyche
3. Try to get rid of one’s anger - can be reduced by relaxing or counting till 10.

Question 30

Guilt

Answer 30

An unpleasant moral emotion associated with a specific instance in which one has acted badly or wrongly

Question 31

Shame

Answer 31

A moral emotion that, like guilt, involves feeling bad but, unlike guilt, spreads to the whole person.

Question 32

Difference between shame and guilt

Answer 32

Shame is DESTRUCTIVE and Guilt is CONSTRUCTIVE

Question 33

Effects of guilt

Answer 33

Motivates people to do good acts: apologise

Question 34

How can apologies mend damaged relationships

Answer 34

1. Convey the implicit agreement that the act is wrong
2. Suggest that the person will try not to do it again
3. Counteracts the idea that the guilty person does not care about the relationship

Question 35

Survivor guilt

Answer 35

An unpleasant emotion associated with living through an experience during which other people died

Question 36

Benefits of forgiveness

Answer 36

1. Fosters psychological hearing through positive change
2. Aids physical and mental health
3. Restores victim’s sense of personal power
4. Helps to bring about reconciliation between the offended and offender
5. Encourage hope for the resolution of real-world intergroup conflicts

Question 37

Disgust

Answer 37

A strong negative feeling of repugnance and revulsion

A strong signal to avoid something.

Question 38

Why do we have emotions

Answer 38

Make up an important and powerful feedback system
Tells us something is good or bad.

Question 39

Explain why do we have emotions

Answer 39

1. Emotions promote belongingness - help people get along better. Forming social bonds
2. Emotions communicate social information - Not purely from the inside, people can read emotions
3. Emotions cause behaviour - Arousal gets the body ready for action.
4. Emotions guide thinking and learning - Helps people process info about the world and their own actions.
5. Anticipated emotion guides decisions and choices - Affective forecasting - Ability to predict one’s emotional reactions to future events.
6. Emotions help and hurt decision making - Without emotions, trouble making up their minds
7. Positive emotions counteract negative emotions - Broaden and build theory - Positive emotions expand and individual’s attention and mindset and promote increasing one’s resources

Question 40

Six basic emotions

Answer 40

• Anger
• Surprise
• Disgust
• Happiness(joy)
• Fear
• Sadness

Question 41

Upside down U shaped curve relationship

Answer 41

Some arousal is better than none, but too much arousal can hurt performance

Question 42

Yerkes-Dodson Law

Answer 42

The proposition that some arousal is better than none, but too much can hurt performace