Chapter 6: Electronic Structure of Atoms

Question 1

What are ‘anomalous’ electron configurations?

Answer 1

electron configurations that do not comfort with Hund’s and Pauli’s rules (for filling orbitals)

Question 2

what is the condensed electron configuration for Chromium (Cr)?

Answer 2

[Ar] 4s1 3d5

Question 3

what are the units for Wavelength?

Answer 3

nm

Question 4

What does the Balmer Series describe/relate?

Answer 4

Relates energy, wavelength and principle quantum number (n) in a hydrogen atom when its electron moves from a given n value (e.g 6) and ends up on n value = 2

Question 5

what is the condensed electron configuration for Copper (Cu)?

Answer 5

[Ar] 4s1 3d10

Question 6

what are the units for Speed of Light?

Answer 6

3.00E8 meters/second =c

Question 7

What does Hund’s rule state?

Answer 7

In keeping with Pauli exclusion principle, and in order to achieve the lowest energy level, Degenerate energy levels (in electron shells) must be occupied with electrons pointing in the same direction before they can be paired off with electrons pointing in the opposition directions.

Question 8

what is Quantum the plural for?

Answer 8

Plural for quanta: Discrete, fixed amount/chunk/packet of energy

Question 9

what does Quantum Theory explain?

Answer 9

the behavior of atoms/subatomic particles

Question 10

what is the Work Function?

Answer 10

The quanta of photon energy required to bounce electrons off of a given metal’s surface (minimum quanta req varies from metal to metal)

Quanta req to disrupt the attractive forces between the electrons and the metal surface

Question 11

what is Electromagnetic Radiation?

Answer 11

One of the ways energy travels/gets carried through space (hence the aka radiant energy)

Question 12

what does the Line Spectrum display?

Answer 12

The colors emitted by a particular radiation source, separated into their component wavelengths/colors

Question 13

what is an Electromagnetic Field?

Answer 13

the region around a charged particle where attractive and/or repulsive forces are imposed (on other charged particles)

An energy field around an object created by the motion of its electric charge

Question 14

When/when do elements violate the electron configuration rules when it comes to filling their orbitals?

Answer 14

In some instances, achieving the lowest energy requires that elements fill orbitals in a manner that doesn’t conform with the rules for predicting how orbitals are filled.

Question 15

what phenomena/experiment supports de Broglie’s conclusion that all matter can have wave behavior as long as it has momentum?

Answer 15

comparison of the bx of electrons passing through a crystal with that of x rays/photons passing through a crystal

(Both x rays and electrons conform to wave behavior/interference patterns when they’re passed through a crystal)

Question 16

what does the Electromagnetic Spectrum show?

Answer 16

Shows the range of the different wavelengths that give various forms of radiation distinctive properties

Question 17

which 2 elements’ electron configurations do not conform to the configuration rules?

Answer 17

Chromium and Copper

Question 18

What does Pauli’s exclusion principle state?

Answer 18

no two electrons can have the same 4 quantum numbers

Question 19

what are the units for Frequency?

Answer 19

Hertz (vibrations per second)

s^-1 (s^-1 = 1/s^1)

Question 20

What does the term ‘wave’ describe?

Answer 20

A disturbance that propagates through space

Question 21

what are Emission spectra?

Answer 21

emission of light from electronically excited gasses

Question 22

what are the 3 phenomena quantum mechanics is meant to explain?

Answer 22

1. Black body radiation (Emission of light from hot objects)
2. Photoelectric effect (when electrons bounce off metals when you shine light on them)
3. Emission spectra (emission of light from electronically excited gasses