Chapter 1: Matter & Measurement Flashcards
What are the 2 main characteristics of Pure Substances?
- They are made of only one kind of element or compound
- They have distinct properties that do NOT vary from sample to sample
In other words: Their composition is uniform throughout (and uniform across samples)
What is the Formula for converting F to Celsius?
C = 5/9 (F -32)
What is a Property?
A defining characteristic/quality that contributes to the unique character of a given substance
What does the ‘Law of Constant Composition’ state?
All samples of the same compound have the same ratios/proportions of components (water will always have 2:1 hydrogen:oxygen ratio)
What are the 2 main characteristics of liquids?
- They take the shape of their containers, but don’t completely occupy the container
- They Can NOT be compressed to an appreciable extent
What property (of matter) does Filtration exploit to separate mixtures?
differences in the sizes of samples’ components
What types of characteristics are described as ‘Physical Properties’?
Characteristics that do not define/change the identity of the material/substance
What does it mean for a mixture to be Heterogenous?
The sample IS NOT uniform throughout (exp. trial mix)
What are the 3 Physical States (of Matter)?
Gas
liquid
solid
What is an Element?
one type of atom
What property of matter does Chromatography exploit (in order to separate of mixtures)?
Exploits differences in how components of samples adhere to the surface of solids
What types of characteristics are described as ‘Chemical Properties’?
Characteristics that change the identity of a material/substance
What types of properties are described as ‘Intensive Properties’?
properties of a sample, that are NOT based on the quantity of the sample.
How does the chem book define what a ‘Theory’ is?
An explanation (grounded in evidence) as to why natural phenomena takes place; Develops from a tested/refined hypothesis
What are the 2 main qualities of Mixtures (non-pure substances)?
- They are made of two or more substances that aren’t CHEMICALLY??? combined (each constituent molecule maintains its chemical identity)
- They can be homogenous OR heterogenous
How does the chem book define ‘Matter’?
Anything that has mass and takes up space
What is another name for a Solution?
A homogenous mixture
What property of matter does Distillation exploit in oder to separate mixtures?
Exploits differences in how samples form gases
What one sentence does the chem book use to describe the ‘Scientific Method’?
Process for answering questions about the world
What types of properties are described as ‘Extensive Properties’
Properties that ARE based on the quantity of the sample.
Operations between extensive properties yield intensive ones (i.e. density)
What are ‘Atoms’?
Basic (and smallest) Building blocks of matter
What is a ‘Molecule’?
2 or more (usually organic) atoms chemically bonded in specific shapes???
Minor differences in molecules’ composition or structure can result in major differences in their properties
What does ‘Composition’ of Matter describe?
Element
Compound
Mixture
Conversion Factors
mathematical relationships between two equivalent quantities, often expressed as an equality of two ratios
