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CHEM 1210 > Chapter 1: Matter & Measurement > Flashcards

Chapter 1: Matter & Measurement Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 2 main characteristics of Pure Substances?

A
  1. They are made of only one kind of element or compound
  2. They have distinct properties that do NOT vary from sample to sample

In other words: Their composition is uniform throughout (and uniform across samples)

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2
Q

What is the Formula for converting F to Celsius?

A

C = 5/9 (F -32)

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3
Q

What is a Property?

A

A defining characteristic/quality that contributes to the unique character of a given substance

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4
Q

What does the ‘Law of Constant Composition’ state?

A

All samples of the same compound have the same ratios/proportions of components (water will always have 2:1 hydrogen:oxygen ratio)

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5
Q

What are the 2 main characteristics of liquids?

A
  1. They take the shape of their containers, but don’t completely occupy the container
  2. They Can NOT be compressed to an appreciable extent
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6
Q

What property (of matter) does Filtration exploit to separate mixtures?

A

differences in the sizes of samples’ components

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7
Q

What types of characteristics are described as ‘Physical Properties’?

A

Characteristics that do not define/change the identity of the material/substance

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8
Q

What does it mean for a mixture to be Heterogenous?

A

The sample IS NOT uniform throughout (exp. trial mix)

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9
Q

What are the 3 Physical States (of Matter)?

A

Gas
liquid
solid

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10
Q

What is an Element?

A

one type of atom

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11
Q

What property of matter does Chromatography exploit (in order to separate of mixtures)?

A

Exploits differences in how components of samples adhere to the surface of solids

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12
Q

What types of characteristics are described as ‘Chemical Properties’?

A

Characteristics that change the identity of a material/substance

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13
Q

What types of properties are described as ‘Intensive Properties’?

A

properties of a sample, that are NOT based on the quantity of the sample.

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14
Q

How does the chem book define what a ‘Theory’ is?

A

An explanation (grounded in evidence) as to why natural phenomena takes place; Develops from a tested/refined hypothesis

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15
Q

What are the 2 main qualities of Mixtures (non-pure substances)?

A
  1. They are made of two or more substances that aren’t CHEMICALLY??? combined (each constituent molecule maintains its chemical identity)
  2. They can be homogenous OR heterogenous
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16
Q

How does the chem book define ‘Matter’?

A

Anything that has mass and takes up space

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17
Q

What is another name for a Solution?

A

A homogenous mixture

18
Q

What property of matter does Distillation exploit in oder to separate mixtures?

A

Exploits differences in how samples form gases

19
Q

What one sentence does the chem book use to describe the ‘Scientific Method’?

A

Process for answering questions about the world

20
Q

What types of properties are described as ‘Extensive Properties’

A

Properties that ARE based on the quantity of the sample.

Operations between extensive properties yield intensive ones (i.e. density)

21
Q

What are ‘Atoms’?

A

Basic (and smallest) Building blocks of matter

22
Q

What is a ‘Molecule’?

A

2 or more (usually organic) atoms chemically bonded in specific shapes???

Minor differences in molecules’ composition or structure can result in major differences in their properties

23
Q

What does ‘Composition’ of Matter describe?

A

Element
Compound
Mixture

24
Q

Conversion Factors

A

mathematical relationships between two equivalent quantities, often expressed as an equality of two ratios

25
Q

SI Units

A

System of standard/base units for scientific measurements

26
Q

Hypothesis

A

A testable, tentative explanation for natural phenomena

27
Q

Solid (state of matter)

A

Definite shape and volume

Can NOT be compressed to an appreciable extent

28
Q

Significant Figures

A

Representation of the extent of uncertainty in a measurement (applies to calculations differently than measuring equipment)

29
Q

Precision

A

How closely multiple measurements of the same quantity agree with one another

30
Q

What does it mean to say that a mixture is ‘homogenous’?

A

The mixture is uniform throughout (but may still vary from other samples of the same substance in characteristics like component ratios or appearance)

31
Q

What are the 3 main characteristics of pure Compounds?

A
  1. They consist of more than one kind of atom, but only one kind of molecule exp. H2O
  2. They are Homogenous
  3. They Cannot be broken down my physical means (req. chemical means)
32
Q

What does the term ‘‘Accuracy’ describe?

A

How closely multiple measurements of the same quantity agree with the accepted value of that quantity

33
Q

What is the Formula for for converting Celsius to Kelvin?

A

K = C + 273.15

34
Q

What are the 3 main characteristics of Elements?

A
  1. They only have one kind of atom exp. H2 or C
  2. They are Homogenous (Consistent composition throughout/no variable composition)
  3. They Cannot be broken down any further
35
Q

What is Dimensional Analysis?

A

Math process to interconvert quantities from different systems of measurement (i.e. metric to imperial; feet to meters)

Based on management of units and mathematical relationships between two quantities, often expressed as an equality of two ratios (conversion factors)

Based on the idea that you can multiple a quantity by 1 without changing it’s value

36
Q

What are the 4 main qualities of gases?

A

Aka vapor

  1. They have No fixed volume nor shape
  2. they occupy their entire container
  3. they Can be compressed to take up less space (or expanded to take up more space)
  4. They consist of Particles that are fast moving (colliding into everything) and far apart
37
Q

How does the book define what a ‘Scientific Law’ is?

A

General rules that summarize how nature behaves

38
Q

What are 7 examples of physical properties?

A
  1. color
  2. odor
  3. density
  4. boiling point
  5. melting point
  6. hardness
  7. physical state/phase
39
Q

What are 2 example of chemical properties?

A
  1. how a substance reacts with other things to form new things
  2. flammability/how it behaves when you burn it in the presence of oxygen
40
Q

What are 3 examples of intensive properties?

A
  1. density
  2. temperature
  3. melting point
41
Q

What are 3 examples of extensive properties?

A
  1. mass
  2. volume
  3. heat given off when burned
42
Q

What is the law of constant composition also sometimes called?

A

Law of Definite Proportions

CHEM 1210 (18 decks)

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