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CHEM 1210 > Chapter 4: Aqueous Solutions/Reactions > Flashcards

Chapter 4: Aqueous Solutions/Reactions Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Titration?

A

When you combine a sln of known molarity with another sln of unknown molarity until the equilibrium/equivalence point to determine the unknown’s molarity

follows from the fact that at equilibrium, the number of moles for each sln will be ‘stoichiometrically’ equal

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2
Q

What are Weak electrolytes?

A

substance that only partially dissociates into ions in water

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3
Q

What is Solvation?

A

What you call it when water molecules surrounds strong electrolytes, and the intermolecular attraction between them causes the electrolytes to ionize

Interaction of ions with polar solvent molecules

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4
Q

When determining oxidation numbers, should you consider a species’ coefficient?

A

no

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5
Q

When do Neutralization Rxns make gas????

A

When a neutralization reaction involves a base (like sulfide ion or carbonate ion) that is not OH-

Can produce H2S g when Sulfide reacts with acid
Can produce CO2 g when carbonate reacts with acid

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6
Q

What are Exchange Reactions?

A

Type of Aqueous rxns where cations and anion reactants switch partners

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7
Q

what are the units of Molarity (concentration)

A

moles of a solute for every L of the WHOLE SOLUTION

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8
Q

(per chapter 4) what is a base?

A

Electrolyte that takes H+ in aq rxns

Bases increase the concentration of OH- in aq rxns (because they take the H+ from water or some other thing that was originally attached to an H and an O)

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9
Q

Under what (rare) conditions does hydrogen have a negative oxidation number?

A

When the hydrogen has to act as the anion; When hydrogen is part of a metal hydride;

When a hydrogen and a metal are bound (alone together).

H in this compound CH2OH for example, would be positive.

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10
Q

what does Concentration of a sln describe?

A

the ratio between the amount of solute and the amount of total solution

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11
Q

Why are displacement reactions called displacement reactions???

A

Because ions are ‘displaced’ /replaced

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12
Q

What is the Activity series?

A

a System of ranking metals according to how easily they can be oxidized (by other metals or H)

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13
Q

What are Oxidation/Reduction (Redox) Reactions?

A

aq reactions where an electron is transferred from one reactant to another

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14
Q

What is the expression MV=MV used for?

A

calculating the moles and or liters needed to accomplish a certain/new solution molarity using another, given molarity (or vice versa).

Follow from the fact that total number of moles is constant before and after a dilution is completed

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15
Q

What kinds of acids and bases are described as weak?

A

Acids and bases that are made of WEAK electrolytes

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16
Q

Which aqueous reactions can titration be used for?

A

Neutralization
Precipitation
Redox

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17
Q

(per chpt. 4) what is an Acid?

A

Electrolytes that ionize/give up their H+ in aq rxns

Bases increase the concentration of H+ in aq rxns

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18
Q

What is Solubility?

A

the Amount that something dissolves in a given quantity of solvent

19
Q

what is special about the oxidation numbers for group 14 elements (like carbon)?

A

They have variable oxidation numbers from -4 to 4

20
Q

What is chemical equilibrium?

A

what you call it when the rate of reactants created in a reaction equals the rate of products created in a reaction

21
Q

What is a Solvent?

A

The component of a solution that is present in the greatest quantity

22
Q

what is an Aqueous Solution?

A

A solution in which water is the dissolving medium

23
Q

What are Precipitation Reactions?

A

Type of aqueous rxn where ions bind to make insoluble (ionic compound) solids

that results in the formation of at least one insoluble solid (as predicted by the solubility rules)

24
Q

What is ‘Displacement Reaction’ another name for?

A

redox reaction

25
Q

What is Dilution?

A

what you call it when you change the molarity of a solution by adding more water.

This changes the volume but DOES NOT CHANGE THE TOTAL NUMBER OF MOLES!

26
Q

Are strong acids/bases strong electrolytes, or weak electrolytes?

A

Strong acids/bases are strong electrolytes

27
Q

What do Complete Ionic Eqns show you?

A

all of a reaction’s SOLUBLE ionic compounds, separated into their ions

(insolubles and molecules stay combined in the ionic equation)

28
Q

(per chpt 4) what are the units of concentration (molarity)?

A

moles solutes: total liters of solution

29
Q

What are the 3 types of aqueous reactions?

A
  1. ppt reactions (exchange/metathesis)
  2. Redox reaction (displacement/replacement)
  3. acid:base/neutralization reaction
30
Q

Are WEAK acids/bases strong electrolytes, or weak electrolytes?

A

we acids/bases are WEAK electrolytes

31
Q

What is a Solute?

A

the Non-solvent components of a solution

32
Q

what do Net Ionic Eqns show you?

A

the complete ionic equation with all of the spectator ions removed

33
Q

what type of (aq) reactions do the activity series apply to?

A

redox reactions

34
Q

What is a Non-electrolyte?

A

Any substance that dissolves in water, but does NOT dissociate

Most molecular compounds are NOT electrolytes; the ones that are are acids

35
Q

What type of (aq) reactions does chemical equilibrium usually apply to?

A

reactions involving weak electrolytes

36
Q

What are Oxidation Numbers used for?

A

to keep track of where electrons have gone/come from during redox reactions

37
Q

What does the Molecular Eqn show you?

A

Shows the name, amount, and phase of all reactants and products in a chemical reaction (without showing any species’ ionic character)

38
Q

In aq reactions, what are spectator ions?

A

ions that appear in identical forms on both sides of a complete ionic equation (because they don’t actually participate in the reaction)

39
Q

What is a Strong electrolyte?

A

Any substance that completely dissociates into ions in water

40
Q

What is an Electrolyte?

A

Any substance that dissociates into ions in water

41
Q

What are the ‘salts’ in neutralization reactions?

A

ionic compounds whose cation came from a base and whose anion came from an acid

42
Q

What is a Neutralization reaction?

A

an aqueous reaction where H+ and OH- bind to make H2O

when solution of an acid and solution of a base are mixed to produce water and salt

43
Q

What kinds of acids and bases are described as strong?

A

Acids and bases that are made of strong electrolytes

CHEM 1210 (18 decks)

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