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Microbio II > Chapter 6: Ectoparasites > Flashcards

Chapter 6: Ectoparasites Flashcards

1
Q

what are ectoparasites

A

: are parasites that are found either on the skin or only in the superficial layers of the skin.

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2
Q

all ectoparasites are

A

arthropods

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3
Q

what are arthropods

A

are invertebrates with a chitinous exoskeleton.

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4
Q

Ectoparasites that cause human disease to fall into two main categories:

A

Insects and arachnids

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5
Q

what is the def of insects and 3 examples of it

A

six-legged arthropods such as lice, flies, and bedbugs.

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6
Q

what is the def of archanids and give 3 examples of it

A

eight-legged arthropods such as mites, ticks, and spiders.

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7
Q

Many arthropods are _____ that transmit the organisms that cause important infectious diseases

A

vectors

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8
Q

an example of a vector arthropod and what does it transmit

A

such as female anopheles’ mosquito the of malaria.

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9
Q

what is another name for bed bugs

A

Cimex lectularius

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10
Q

LIce Disease

A

Pediculosis

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11
Q

Flies disease

A

myiasis

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12
Q

Bedbugs disease

A

no disease

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13
Q

Give the 2 species of Lice and its descriptions

A

Two species of lice:
1. Pediculus humanus head louse and body louse
2. Phthirus pubis: (pubic louse) primarily affects the genital area but the axilla and eyebrows can be.

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14
Q

Give the 2 subspecies for Pediculus humanus and their descriptions

A

✓ Pediculus humanus capitus (head louse) that primarily affects the scalp.
✓ Pediculus humanus corporis (body louse) that primarily affects the trunk.

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15
Q

body louse is the vector for several human pathogens, such as

A

Rickettsia prowazekii, the cause of epidemic typhus

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16
Q

Do head louse and the pubic louse act as vectors of human disease

A

the head louse and the pubic louse are not vectors of human disease.

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17
Q

Morphology of Bedbugs

A

oval, brownish body and is about 5 mm long.

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18
Q

Whats the transmission of head lice like? and are common where

A

Head lice are transmitted primarily by fomites such as hats, combs, and towels. These are especially common in school children.

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19
Q

Whats the transmission of body lice like? and where are they present

A

Body lice live primarily on clothing and are transmitted either by clothing or by personal contact. Body lice leave the clothing when they require a blood meal.

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20
Q

Whats the transmission of public lice like?

A

Pubic lice are transmitted primarily by sexual contact.

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21
Q

Widespread infestations of body lice occur when ___

A

personal hygiene is poor, e.g., during wartime or in crowded refugee camps.

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22
Q

For the flies, The route of transmission varies depending on the

A

species of fly

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23
Q

the adult fly transmits disease by depositing ____ ? in various areas(3)? and what does the deposited turns to?

A

egg in a wound and the egg hatches to produce the larva. Or it can deposit the egg in the nostrils, the conjunctiva, or on the lips.
Or deposit the egg on unbroken skin and the larva invades the skin

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24
Q

what is Dermatobia (relating to flies)

A

, in that it deposits its egg on a mosquito.

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25
Q

When the mosquito bites a human, the warmth of the skin induces the egg to _____ and the larva enters the skin ______________

A

hatch
at the site of the mosquito bite.

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26
Q

Lice pathogenisis and what does this process induce

A

Adult lice bite and feed on blood in this process they inject saliva into the skin induces a hypersensitivity reaction and pruritus.

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27
Q

Flies pathogenesis and what response does it induce

A

The presence of the larva in tissue induces an inflammatory response

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28
Q

what is the lab diagnosis of lice

A

laboratory is not involved in diagnosis.

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29
Q

what is the lab diagnosis of flies

A

laboratory is not involved in diagnosis.

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30
Q

Myiasis is caused by the larvae of many ________

A

species of flies

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31
Q

Fly larvae are also known as

A

maggots

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32
Q

_____ are the most known to cause myiasis

A

Botflies

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33
Q

where do the bed bugs reside

A

Bedbugs reside in mattresses and in the crevices of wooden beds.

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34
Q

at night what do bed bugs do

A

At night, they emerge to take a blood meal from sleeping humans.

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35
Q

what is used to treat mattresses and beds against bed bugs

A

Malathion or lindane can be used to treat mattresses and beds.

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36
Q

what is the treatment against bed bugs

A

Calamine lotion can be used to relieve the itching.

37
Q

what is the treatment of flies

A

Surgical removal of the larva is the most common mode of treatment.

38
Q

what is the treatment for lice and its description

A

Permethrin (Nix, RID) is the treatment of choice as it is both pediculicidal and ovicidal.

39
Q

Patients with body lice often do not need to be treated, but ______

A

but the clothing should be either discarded or treated.

40
Q

how are nits removed in the case of lice

A

Nits are removed using a fine-toothed (“nit”) comb

41
Q

3 ways to prevent lice

A

Children should not share articles of clothing.

The personal items of affected individuals, such as towels, combs, hair brushes, clothing, and bedding should be treated.

Sexual partners of those infested with pubic lice should be treated and tested for other sexually transmitted diseases.

42
Q

What are 2 ways to prevent

A

Prevention involves limiting exposure to flies.

General measures, such as wearing clothing that covers the extremities, mosquito netting, and insect repellant, are recommended.

43
Q

what is the main symptom of lice

A

Pruritus is the main symptom

44
Q

what can result from scaratching from lice and what may occur as well

A

Excoriations may result from scratching and secondary bacterial infections may occur

45
Q

what is the clinical finding from flies disease ( myiasis) and what can it also be

A

The characteristic lesion is a painful, erythematous papule resembling a furuncle.
, it may also be pruritic.

46
Q

in myiasis the ____ can often be seen

A

larva

47
Q

what is the most common form of myiasis

A

Cutaneous myiasis is the most common form

48
Q

in myiasis, some patients report a sense of _____ inside the lesion

A

movement

49
Q

Myiasis different forms can be (other 4)

A

ocular, intestinal, genitourinary, and cerebral forms occur

50
Q

what is the main symptom of bed bug bite ? this symptom is caused by?

A

The main symptom of a bedbug bite is a pruritic wheal caused by a hypersensitivity reaction to proteins in the bug saliva.

51
Q

do all patients show reaction from bed bugs

A

Some individuals show little reaction

52
Q

do bed bugs transmit any human disease

A

The bite of a bedbug is not known to transmit any human disease.

53
Q

ticks disease

A

ticks paralysis

54
Q

mites disease and which type causes it?

A

Scabies by itch mite Sarcoptes scabiei

55
Q

other name for itch mite?

A

Sarcoptes scabiei

56
Q

what 2 diseases are caused by spider

A

neurotoxic disease and dermonecrotic disease

57
Q

there are 2 types of spider and which disease do they cause

A

black widow spider neurotoxic disease and brown recluse spider dermonecrotic disease the bites of each cause these disease

58
Q

whats other name for black widow spider

A

Latrodectus mactans

59
Q

whats other name for brown recluse spider

A

Loxosceles reclusa

60
Q

Transmission of MItes is by what and when does it occur

A

transmitted by personal contact or by fomites such as clothing, especially under unhygienic conditions,
e.g., in the homeless and during wartime.

61
Q

where is the mites located in the epidermis

A

Mite is located within the stratum corneum of the epidermis.

62
Q

pathogensisis of mites and why do they result

A

The pruritic lesions result from a delayed hypersensitivity reaction to the feces of the mite.

63
Q

In immunocompetent people mites’ 3 clinical findings

A
  • The typical lesions are tracks or papules that are very pruritic.
  • Most common sites are the hands, wrists, axillary folds, and genitals.
  • Areas of the body where clothing is tight, such as along the belt line, are often involved
64
Q

for mites itching gets worse at ______

A

night

65
Q

for immunocompromised individuals what can occur and whats the other name? how many mites can patients be infested with? how does pyoderma form by what infection?

A
  • Extensive crusted dermatitis (Norwegian scabies) can occur.
  • Patients may be infested with thousands of mites.
  • Excoriations may become infected with Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes, resulting in pyoderma
66
Q

_____ are not a vector for other human pathogens

A

Mites

67
Q

whats the 2 possible treatments for mites

A

Permethrin (Elimite)
Topical steroids are used for itching

68
Q

whats the prevention of contracting mites

A

involves treatment of close contacts of the patient and treating or discarding fomites such as clothing and towels.

69
Q

whats the pathogenisis for ticks and where is that toxin made?

A

Paralysis is mediated by a neurotoxin that blocks acetyl choline release at the neuromuscular junction—an action like botulinum toxin.

The toxin is made in the salivary gland of the tick

70
Q

tick must remain attached for at leasT____ days prior to the onset of symptoms

A

4

71
Q

Ticks acts as a vector for 5 human diseases

A

Vector of diseases: rickettsial, spirochetal, viral, bacterial, and protozoal diseases

72
Q

where are ticks found in? and what are they attracted to (2 things)?

A

Ticks are commonly found in grassy woodland areas and are attracted by carbon dioxide and warmth from humans.

73
Q

what is treatment for ticks

A

involves removal of the tick after application of some anesthetic.

74
Q

what is the 2 prevention methods for tick bites

A

Tick bites can be prevented by application of insect repellant and wearing clothes that cover the extremities.

75
Q

what is the early presenting symptom for ticks?

A

ataxia

76
Q

Ticks clinical findings :what is the paralysis that occurs that resembles Guillain-Barre syndrome

A

An ascending paralysis resembling Guillain-Barre syndrome occurs.

77
Q

what is the clinical findings characteristics in ticks? (symmetry and orgin)

A

Paralysis is symmetrical and can ascend from the legs to the head within several hours.

78
Q

clinical findings what also can occur from ticks

A

Respiratory failure and death can occur.

79
Q

how much time does it take for recovery after tick removal

A

Recovery occurs within 24 hours of removal of the tick.

80
Q

where are ticks found on the body and what group does it most affect?

A

Ticks are often found at the hairline at the back of the neck or near the ear.

Children younger than 8 years are most often affected.

81
Q

neurotoxic disease causes what symptoms? what would they be in an hour ? and list 7 other symptoms?

A

Neurotoxic Disease
causes neurologic symptoms primarily.
Within an hour after the bite, pain and numbness spread from the site.
Severe pain and spasms in the extremities and abdominal pain occur.
Fever, chills, sweat, vomiting, and other constitutional symptoms can occur.

82
Q

does tissue necrosis occur from the bite of the brown recluse spider

A

yes

83
Q

does tissue necrosis occur from the bite of the black widow spider

A

no

84
Q

do most patients recover from neurotoxic disease? and who dies?

A

Most patients recover in several days but some, mainly children, die

85
Q

When antiserum should be given in the cases in the bite of black widow

A

Antiserum, if available, to the venom of the black widow should be given in severe cases.

86
Q

what does Dermonecrotic Disease cause what are the primary symptoms and how are they caused?

A

Dermonecrotic Disease
causes tissue necrosis symptoms primarily.

The necrosis is due to proteolytic enzymes in the venom.

87
Q

is there Antiserum to the venom of the brown recluse spider available?

A

no

88
Q
A

Microbio II (5 decks)

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