Ch 4: Helmithes Cestoda Flashcards
1
Q
3 main classes of helminthes
A
Cestodes, trematodes, nematodes
2
Q
Which helminthes are Platyhelminthes
A
Cestodes &trematodes
3
Q
Which helminthes are nemathelminthes
A
Nematodes
4
Q
What is the shape of Nematoda in length, shape, segmentation
A
Elongated. cylindrical, round in cross section & not segmented
5
Q
What is the shape of Cestoda in length, shape, segmentation
A
Flattened, ribbon -shaped & segmented
6
Q
What is the shape of Trematodes in length, shape, segmentation
A
Flattened, leaf like, bilaterally symmetrical, not segmented
7
Q
Digestive system and body cavity of Nematoda
A
Simple straight tube with anus and present
8
Q
Digestive system and body cavity of cestoda
A
Both absent
9
Q
Digestive system, and body cavity of trematodes
A
Simple, blind tube, no anus and absent
10
Q
What is the gender of Nematoda?
A
Separate
11
Q
What is the gender of cestoda
A
Hermaphrodite
12
Q
What is the gender of trematodes
A
Hermaphrodite, except shistosoma
13
Q
What are the three general characters of cestodes body?
A
• Scolex: with organs of fixation either in form of bothria, suckers and hooks.
• Neck: part of the warm that will give rise to segments.
• Strobila: it is formed of segments.
14
Q
What is the type of segments that form strobila
A
- Immature segments: sexual organs are not well developed.
- Mature segments: with fully developed sexual organs.
- Gravid segments: the egg engorged uterus covers the other structures.
15
Q
What is Cysticercus cellulosa a larvae stage of
A
Taenia solium.
16
Q
What is Cysticercus larvae a larvae stage of
A
Hymenolepis nana
17
Q
What is Sparganum larva a larva stage of
A
Diphyllobothrium mansoni
18
Q
What is Hydatid cyst a larvae stage of
A
Echinococcus granulosa.
19
Q
Taenia saginata is a _______ tapeworm
A
Beef
20
Q
taenia sagnita disease and how many meter is it
A
Taeniasis saginata 4-10 m
21
Q
Taenia solium is a _________ tapeworm
A
Pork
22
Q
Taenia solium disease and how many meter is it
A
Same as T. saginata. 2-4 m
23
Q
Cysticercus cellulosae disease in what type of tissues
A
Cysticercosis in human tissues
24
Q
Diphyllobothrium latum is a ______ tapeworm
A
fish
25
Diphyllobothrium latum disease
Diphyllobothriasis
26
Taenia saginata morphology and what segments types are
* Has a scolex
* Segmented body 4-6 meters.
Segments are:
Immature, mature, gravid segments
27
Taenia solium scolex and segment difference than sagnita
1. Hooked scolex.
2. Gravid segments are less in size and in branches.
28
Diphyllobothrium latum meter?
10 m
29
Diphyllobothrium latum formed of
Formed of scolex, immature & mature segments (no gravid segments).
30
Diphyllobothrium latum found in what regions?
(Europe and America)
31
what is the definitive host for taenia solium and sagnita
human
32
Diphyllobothrium latum definitive hosts (4)
man, dogs, cats, and other fish-eating animals.
33
what is the intermediate host of taenia sagnita
cattle (beef)
34
what is the intermediate host of taenia solium in what countries
Pork
Occurring in pork-eating countries.
35
first intermediate host for
cyclops for Diphyllobothrium latum
36
2nd intermediate host for Diphyllobothrium latum and an example
Fresh water fishes e.g. salmon.
37
Diphyllobothrium latum infective stage
Plerocercoid (or Sparganum)
38
Diphyllobothrium latum 2nd intermediate host?
infected fish muscles
39
taenia sagnita infective stage
Cysticercus bovis
40
taenia solium infective stage (2)
* Cysticercus cellulosa.
* Eggs could be infective to human leading to cysticercosis
41
Mode of infection taenia sagnita is through (2)
* ingestion of raw or improperly cooked beef containing the cysticercosis bovis. and eggs is not infective to human
42
Cysticercus cellulosae mode of infection (2)
After ingestion of the T. solium eggs through:
1.Contaminated food or water.
2.Autoinfection patients
43
in the case of Autoinfection patients having adult worm may be complicated with Cysticercus cellulosae (external and internal)
cysticercosis (external) along contaminated fingers (from anus to mouth), (internal) by reversed peristalsis.
44
Diphyllobothrium latum mode of infection (2)
animals are infected by eating infected fishes either raw or improperly cooked (smoked or pickled)
45
Types of Cysticercus cellulosae (the larval stage of T.solium) 4 types
Subcutaneous type muscle type ocular type cerebral cysticercosis
46
1. Subcutaneous type of Cysticercus cellulosae where are they found what are there properties?
subcutaneous nodules are usually found in the head, limbs, neck, abdomen and back. They are movable and painless
47
2. Muscle type of Cysticercus cellulosae where is it found?
Note this cysticercus in the tongue.
48
ocular type of Cysticercus cellulosae where is it found and what does it cause
cysticercus is usually found in the vitreous body or sub retina. Visual disturbance often occurs. The died body of worm may provoke local inflammation causing blindness.
49
List 3 clinical findings of taenia sagnita
* Intestinal obstruction may occur by a rolled mass of worms.
* Loss of weight as the parasite consumes much of the patient’s food.
* Migration of segments out of anus causes irritation and itching. Neurological manifestations.
50
list 2 clinical finding of Diphyllobothrium latum
* Intestinal symptoms: digestive disturbance, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, diarrhea.
* Macrocytic hyperchromic anemia: the parasite competes. With the host for Vitamin B 12 leading to deficiency of this vitamin.
51
Taenia saginata diagnosis
Detection of the eggs or gravid segments: In stool smears
52
Taenia saginata 2 treatments
Niclosamide. Mebendazole
53
taenia saginata prevention
Proper cooking of meat, and inspection of beef in slaughterhouses.
54
Diphyllobothrium latum 2 diagnoses method
1. Detection of eggs in feces.
2. Blood picture for anemia.
55
Diphyllobothrium latum 2 treatments
1. Antiparasitic drugs praziquantel.
2. Treatment of anemia, vitamin B12 injections.
56
Diphyllobothrium latum prevention
Proper cooking of fishes
57
Hymenolepis nana is a _______ tapeworm
dwarf
58
Hymenolepis diminuta is a _______ tapeworm
rat
59
Echinococcus granulosa is a ______ worm
hydatid
60
Dipylidium caninum is a _____ tapeworm
dog
61
Hymenolepis nana disease and how many cm
hymenolepiasis nana 3cm
62
Echinococcus granulosa disease
hydatid cyst disease
63
Dipylidium caninum disease
Dipylidiasis
64
Hymenolepis nana adult worms live in
small intestines
65
Hymenolepis nana definitive host
humans,rats and rice
66
Hymenolepis nana intermediate host
optional
67
Hymenolepis nana infective stage
egg
68
Hymenolepis nana is common in
children
69
Hymenolepis nana direct infection through ___________ and happens in 2 ways
Direct: Ingestion of eggs through.
1.: Contaminated food (green raw vegetables), water and hands.
2. Autoinfection either internal or external.
70
Hymenolepis nana indirect infection occurs through
Indirect: ingestion of fleas or other insects containing the cysticercoid)
71
Hymenolepis nana in mild infections what symptoms?
no symptoms
72
heavy infection Hymenolepis nana shows itself in 2 ways and they cause certain symptoms
1. Intestinal irritation, enteritis with abdominal pain, anorexia, vomiting and diarrhea.
2. Nervous manifestations (due to absorption of toxic metabolic products): dizziness, insomnia & convulsions.
73
2 diagnosis methods of Hymenolepis nana
Detection of eggs in stool.
Peranal swab is more diagnostic.
74
Hymenolepis nana 2 treatments? which treatment plan given for first treatment
1.Niclosamide: for 5-7 days repeated in 3 weeks to kill the worms emerging from the cysticercoids in the submucosa. 2.Praziquantel.
75
which 2 prevention methods can be done for Hymenolepis nana
1. Personal cleanliness.
2. Treatment of infected patients.
76
Hymenolepis diminuta definitive host and it is rarely
Rats and mice (rarely man)
77
Hymenolepis diminuta intermediate host
Obligatory (rat flea and other insects like beetles and cockroaches)
78
Hymenolepis diminuta human infection
Ingestion of fleas or other insects containing the cysticercoid)
79
Echinococcus granulosa adult worms are found in
the dog's intestine liberate thousands of eggs, which are ingested by sheep (or humans).
80
Echinococcus granulosa egg embroys emerge and migrate where? and what do embroys develop into?
The egg embryos emerge in the small intestine and migrate primarily to the liver but also to the lungs, bones, and brain.
The embryos develop into large fluid filled hydatid cysts.
81
Echinococcus granulosa when is the life cycle completed
It is completed when the entrails (e.g., liver containing hydatid cysts) of slaughtered sheep are eaten by dogs
82
morphology of Echinococcus granulosa 2 properties? and how many meter making it the _____ tapeworm
scolex and only three proglottids, making it one of the smallest tapeworms. 5mm
83
Echinococcus granulosa intermediate host
Humans are dead-end intermediate hosts.
84
clinical fnding of Echinococcus granulosa what is the cyst and what happens if it ruptures
The cyst acts as a space-occupying lesion, putting pressure on adjacent tissue, fluid contains parasite antigens,
if the cyst ruptures spontaneously or during trauma or surgical removal, life threatening anaphylaxis can occur.
85
3 methods of diagnoses for Echinococcus granulosa
Imaging: X ray, sonography, and CT scan.
Serological methods: Indirect hemagglutination test.
Surgical removal and microscopic examination of cyst contents.
86
what is the treatment for Echinococcus granulosa
Albendazole with or without surgical removal of the cyst.
87
what are the 2 prevention methods for Echinococcus granulosa
1. Care handling of dogs.
2. Slaughtered animals should be examined carefully and if infected never to make dogs feed on them
88
Dipylidium caninum where does the adult form live in
Adult live in small intestine of dogs, cats and occasionally man.
89
Dipylidium caninum morphology shaoe,segments and length
The worm is formed of scolex, immature, mature and gravid segments. (80 cm).
90
Dipylidium caninum infective stage inside where?
cysticercoid larva inside dog flea and the other insects.
91
Mode of transmission for Dipylidium caninum
ingestion of the dog flea and the other insects containing cysticercoid larva
92
what is the treatment of Dipylidium caninum
Niclosamide
93
what is the prevention for Dipylidium caninum
Care in handling house hold pets that must be periodically checked.
94
what is the diagnosis of Dipylidium caninum
Finding the gravid segments or egg capsule in the stool.
95
what is the clinical finding of Dipylidium caninum
usually symptomless, although small particles that look like rice will be seen in the stool
