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Medical Terminology > Chapter 6: Digestive System > Flashcards

Chapter 6: Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

dentin

A

main structure of the tooth, beneath the enamel

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2
Q

pulp

A

innermost part of the tooth which contains nerves and blood vessels

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3
Q

deglutition

A

swallowing

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4
Q

bilirubin

A

orange colored or yellowish pigment in bile

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5
Q

exocrine

A

denotes a gland that secretes its products through excretory ducts to the surface of an organ or tissue or into a vessel

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6
Q

hard palate

A

anterior portion of the roof of the mouth

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7
Q

soft palate

A

posterior portion of the roof of the mouth, forms a partition between the mouth and the nasopharynx

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8
Q

pharynx

A

throat; food guided through via V-shaped structure called the uvula

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9
Q

epiglottis

A

small flap of cartilage that folds back to cover the trachea during swallowing

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10
Q

lower esophogeal (cardiac) sphincter

A

terminal portion of the esophogus; prevents stomach contents from regurgitating back into the esophagus

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11
Q

parts of the stomach

A

body (large, central), fundus (upper portion), pylorus (funnel-shaped terminal portion)

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12
Q

rugae

A

macroscopic longitudinal folds that gradually unfold as the stomach fills; digestive glands reside within folds

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13
Q

chyme

A

semiliquid form of the bolus (that forms after passing thru the stomach)

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14
Q

pyloric sphincter

A

between stomach and duodenum

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15
Q

divisions of the small intestine

A

duodenum –> jejunum –> ileum

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16
Q

ileocecal valve

A

sphincter muscle that allows undigested or unabsorbed material from the small intestine to pas into the large intestine and eventually be excreted from the body

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17
Q

divisions of the large intestine

A

cecum, colon, rectum

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18
Q

appendix

A

projecting downward from the cecum; unknown function

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19
Q

functions of the liver

A

produce bile to emulsify and absorb fats; remove glucose from blood to synthesize glycogen; store vitamins; destroy/transform toxic products; maintain normal glucose levels; destroy old erythrocytes and release bilirubin; produce various blood proteins

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20
Q

pancreas

A

exocrine/endocrine gland

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21
Q

function of the digestive system in blood, lymph, and immune

A

liver regulates blood glucose levels; digestive tract secretes acids and enzymes to provide a hostile environment for pathogens; intestinal walls contain lymphoid nodules that help prevent invasion of pathogens; digestive system absorbs vitamin K for blood clotting

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22
Q

function of the digestive system in the CV system

A

digestive system absorbs nutrients needed by the heart

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23
Q

function of the digestive system in the endocrine system

A

liver eliminates hormones from the blood to end their activity; pancreas contains hormone-producing cells

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24
Q

function of the digestive system in the female repro.

A

digestive system provides adequate nutrition, including fats, to make conception and normal fetal development possible; provides nutrients for repair of endometrium following menstruaction

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25
function of the digestive system in genitourinary
provides adequate nutrients in the development of viable sperm; liver metabolizes hormones, toxins, and drugs to forms that can be excreted in urine
26
function of the digestive system in inegumentary
supplies fats that provide insulation in the dermis and subcutaneous tissue; absorbs nutrients for maintenance, growth, and repair of the skin
27
function of the digestive system in musculoskepetal
provides nutrients needed for energy fuel; absorbs calcium needed for bone salts and muscle contraction; liver removes lactic acid from the blood
28
function of the digestive system in nervous
supplies nutrients for normal neural functioning; provides nutrients for synthesis of neurotransmitters and electrolytes for transmission of a nervous impulse; liver helps maintain glucose levels for neural function
29
function of the digestive system in respiratory
absorbs nutrients needed by cells in the lungs and other tissues in the respiratory tract; pharynx shared by the digestive and respiratory tract
30
or/o
mouth or/al: pertaining to the mouth
31
stomat/o
mouth stomat/itis: inflammation of the mouth
32
gloss/o
tongue gloss/ectomy: removal of all or part of the tongue
33
lingu/o
tongue lingu/al: pertaining to the tongue
34
bucc/o
cheek bucc/al: pertaining to the cheek
35
cheil/o
lip cheil/o/plasty: surgical repair of a defective lip
36
labi/o
lip labi/al: pertaining to the lips
37
sial/o
saliva, salivary gland sial/o/ith: calculus formed in a salivary gland or duct
38
enter/o
intestine, usually small intestine enter/o/pathy: disease of the intestine
39
proct/o
anus, rectum proct/o/logist: physician who specializes in treating disorders of the colon, rectum, and anus
40
cholangi/o
bile vessel cholangi/ole: small terminal portion of the bile duct
41
chol/e
bile, gall chol/e/lith: gallstone
42
cholecyst/o
gall bladder cholecyst/ectomy: removal of the gall bladder
43
choledoch/o
bile duct choledoch/o/plasty: surgical repair of the common bile duct
44
-orexia
appetite
45
-pepsia
digestion
46
-prandial
meal post/prandial: following a meal
47
gastroenterology
branch of medicine concerned with digestive diseases
48
peptic ulcers
gastric ulcers in the stomach or duodenal ulcers in the duodenum
49
peptic ulcer disease (PUD)
H. pylori is the leading cause, take antibiotics and other stuff
50
ulcerative colitis
chronic inflammatory disease of the large intestine and rectum; profuse, watery diarrhea containing varying amounts of blood, mucus, and pus; associated with higher risks of colon cancer
51
inguinal hernia
develops in the groin where the abdominal folds of flesh meet the thighs
52
strangulated hernia
develops if blood supply to the hernia is cut off because of pressure; leads to necrosis with gangrene
53
hernias in the diaphragm
diaphragmatic hernia (a congenital disorder) and hiatal hernia (lower part of the esophagus and the top of the stomach slides through an opening (hiatus) in the diaphragm into the thorax; can cause GERD)
54
mechanical blockage
form of intestinal obstruction; contents of the intestine are prevented from moving foward due to an obstacle of barrier that blocks the lumen
55
nonmechanical blockage
peristaltic movement is lacking or absent and contents are no longer propelled through the intestine
56
adhesions
scar tissues
57
volvolus
intestinal twisting
58
intussusceptions
intestinal 'telescoping' where part of the intestine slips into another part just beneath it
59
hemorrhoids
enlarged veins in the mucous membrane of the anal canal; may bleed, hurt, or itch
60
diverticulosis
condition in which small blisterlike pockets (diverticula) develop in the inner lining of the large intestine and may balloon through the intestinal wall; do not become a problem until they become inflamed
61
obstipation
extreme constipation
62
gastric adenocarcinoma
cancerous glandular tumor
63
ascites
abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen
64
borborygmus
rumbling or gurgling noises that are audible at a distance and caused by passage of gas through the liquid contents of the intestine
65
cachexia
physical wasting that includes loss of weight and muscle mass; commonly associated with AIDS and cancer
66
cholelithiasis
presence or formation of gallstones in the gallbladder or common bile duct
67
cirrhosis
scarring and dysfunction of the liver cause by chronic liver disease
68
colic
spasm in any hollow or tubular soft organ especially in the colon, accompanied by pain
69
Chrohn disease
chronic inflammation, usually of the ileum, but possibly affecting any portion of the intestinal tract; also called regional enteritis
70
deglutition
act of swallowing
71
dysentery
inflammation of the intestine, especially the colon, that may be caused by ingesting water or food containing chemical irritants, bacteria, protazoa, or parasites, which results in bloody diarrhea
72
dyspepsia
epigastric discomfort felt after eating; also called indigestion
73
dysphagia
inability or difficulty in swallowing
74
eructation
producing gas from the stomach, usually with a characteristic sound; also called belching
75
fecalith
fecal concretion
76
flatus
gas in the GI tract; expelling of air from a body orifice, especially the anus
77
gastroesophogeal reflux disease (GERD)
backflow of gastric contents into the esophagus due to a malfunction of the sphincter muscle at the inferior portion of the esophagus
78
halitosis
bad breath
79
hematemesis
vomiting of blood from bleeding in the stomach or esophagus
80
IBS
symptom complex marked by abdominal pain and altered bowel function for which no organic cause cannot be determined
81
malabsorption symptom
symptom complex of the small intestine characterized by the impaired passage of nutrients, minerals, or fluids through intestinal villi into the blood or lymph
82
melena
passage of dark-colored, tarry stools due to the presence of blood altered by intestinal juices
83
oral leukoplakia
formation of white spots or patches on the mucous membrane of the tongue, lips, or cheek caused primarily by irritation
84
pyloric stenosis
stricture or narrowing of the pyloric sphyincter at the outlet of the stomach, causing an obstruction that blocks the flow of food into the small intestine
85
steatorrhea
passage of fat in large amounts in the feces due to failure to digest and absorb it
86
stool guaiac
applying a substance called guaiac to a stool sample to detect presence of occult blood in the feces
87
cholecystography
radiographic images taken of the gallbladder after administration of a contrast material containing iodine, usually in the form of a tablet
88
endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)
endoscopic procedure that provides radiographic visualization of the bile and pancreatic ducts to identify partial or total obstructions, as well as stones, cysts, and tumors
89
percutaneous transhepatic colangiography (PTCP)
radiographic examination of bile duct structures
90
sialography
radiologic examination of the salivary glands and ducts
91
lithotripsy
procedure for crushing a stone and eliminating its fragments either surgically or using ultrasonic shock waves
92
pyloromyotomy
incision of the longitudinal and circular muscles of the pylorus; used to treat hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
93
antimetics
control nausea and vomiting by blocking nerve impulses to the vomiting center of the brain
94
ABC
aspiration biopsy cytology
95
alk phos
alkaline phospatase
96
ALT
alanine amino transferase
97
AST
angiotensin sensitivity
98
Ba
barium
99
BaE, BE
barium enema
100
BM
bowel movement
101
EGD
esophagogastroduodenoscopy
102
ERCP
endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
103
GB
gallbladder
104
GBS
gall bladder series
105
GER
gastroesophageal reflux
106
HAV, HBV, HCV, HDV, HEV
hepatitis A, B, C, D, or E virus
107
LFT
liver function test
108
NG
nasogastric
109
PE
physical examination
110
PTHC
percutaneous transhepatic cholangeography
111
PMH
past medical history
112
PUD
peptic ulcer disease
113
RGB
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass
114
R/O
rule out
115
a.c.
before meals
116
b.i.d.
twice a day
117
hs
half strength
118
h.s.
at bedtime
119
NPO, n.p.o.
nothing by mouth
120
pc, p.c.
after meals
121
p.o.
by mouth
122
p.r.n.
as required
123
qAM
every morning
124
q.d.
every day
125
q.h.
every hour
126
q.2h.
every two hours
127
q.i.d.
four times a day
128
q.o.d.
every other day
129
qPM
every evening
130
t.i.d.
three times a day

Medical Terminology (7 decks)

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