Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Medical Terminology > Chapter 4: Body Structure > Flashcards

Chapter 4: Body Structure Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

chromatin

A

structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

chromosome

A

threadlike structures within the nucleus composed of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecule that carries hereditary information encoded in genes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

cytoplasm

A

jellylike substance found within the cell membrane composed of proteins, salts, water, dissolved gases, and nutrients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

A

molecule that holds genetic information capable of replicating and producing an exact copy whenever the cell divides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

diaphragm

A

muscular wall that divides the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

metabolism

A

sum of all physical and chemical changes that take place in a cell or an organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

organelle

A

cellular structure that provides a specialized function, such as the nucleus (reproduction), ribosomes (protein synthesis), golgi apparatus (removal of material from the cell), and lysosomes (digestion)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

pathology

A

study of the nature of diseases, their causes, development, and consequences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

peristalsis

A

rhythmic contraction and relaxation of the walls of a tubular organ to propel its contents onward

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

cytology

A

the study of the body at the cellular level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

histology

A

the study of tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

epithelial tissues

A

covers surfaces of organs, lines cavities and canals, forms tubes and ducts, provides the secreting portions of glands, and makes up the epidermis of the skin. It is composed of cells arranged in a continuous sheet consisting of one or more layers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

connective tissue

A

supports and connects other tissues and organs. It is made up of diverse cell types, including fibroblasts, fat cells, and blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

muscle tissue

A

provides the contractile tissue of the body, which is responsible for movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

nervous tissue

A

transmits electrical impulses as it relays information throughout the entire body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

midsagittal (median)

A

right and left halves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

coronal (frontal)

A

anterior (ventral) and posterior (dorsal) aspects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

transverse (horizontal)

A

superior (upper) and inferior (lower) aspects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

anatomical position

A

a body posture used to locate anatomical parts in relation to each other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

dorsal (body cavity)

A

posterior; includes the cranial and spinal cavities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

ventral (body cavity)

A

anterior; includes the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

abdominopelvic divisions

A

Holds the organs of digestion (abdominal area) and the organs of reproduction and excretion (pelvic area). Divided by two anatomical methods: quadrants and regions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

quadrants

A

four divisions of the lower torso used to show topographical location

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

spinal divisions

A 
cervical (neck)
thoracic (chest)
lumbar (loin)
sacral (lower back)
coccyx (tailbone)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

major organs in the cranial cavity

A

brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

major organs in the spinal cavity

A

spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

major organs in the thoracic cavity

A

heart, lungs, and associated structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

major organs in the abdominopelvic cavity

A

digestive, excretory, and reproductive organs and structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

major structures in the right upper quadrant (RUQ)

A

right lobe of the liver, gallbladder, part of pancreas, part of small and large intestines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

major structures in the left upper quadrant (LUQ)

A

left lobe of liver, stomach, spleen, part of pancreas, part of small and large intestines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

major structures in the right lower quadrant (RLQ)

A

part of small and large intestines, appendix, right ovary,n right fallopian tube, right ureter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

major structures in the left lower quadrant (LLQ)

A

part of small and large intestines, left ovary, left fallopian tube, left ureter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Location:

Left hypochondriac region

A

upper left region beneath the ribs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Location:

Epigastric region

A

region above the stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Location:

Right hypochondriac region

A

upper right region beneath the ribs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Location of left lumbar region

A

left middle lateral region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Location of umbilical region

A

Region of the navel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Location of right lumbar region

A

right middle lateral region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Location of left inguinal (iliac) region

A

left lower lateral region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Location of hypogastric region

A

lower middle region beneath the navel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Location of right inguinal (iliac) region

A

right lower lateral region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

abduction

A

movement away from the midsagittal (median) plane of the body or one of its parts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

adduction

A

movement toward the midsaggital (median) plane of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

medial

A

pertaining to the midline of the body or structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

lateral

A

pertaining to a side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

superior (cephalad)

A

toward the head or upper portion of a structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

inferior (caudal)

A

away from the head, or toward the tail or lower part of a structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

proximal

A

nearer to the center (trunk of the body) or to the point of attachment to the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

distal

A

further from the center (trunk of the body) or from the point of attachment to the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

anterior (ventral)

A

front of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

posterior (dorsal)

A

back of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

parietal

A

pertaining to the outer wall of the body cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

visceral

A

pertaining to the viscera, or internal organs, especially the abdominal organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

prone

A

lying on the abdomen, face down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

supine

A

lying horizontally on the back, face up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

inversion

A

turning inward or inside out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

eversion

A

turning outward

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

palmar

A

pertaining to the palm of the hand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

plantar

A

pertaining to the sole of the foot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

superficial

A

toward the surface of the body (external)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

deep

A

away from the surface of the body (internal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

cyt/o

A

cell

cyt/o/logist: specialist in study of cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

hist/o

A

tissue

hist/o/ogy: study of tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

kary/o, nucle/o

A

nucleus

kary/o/lysis: destruction of the nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

anter/o

A

anterior, front

anter/ior: pertainig to the front

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

caud/o

A

tail

caud/ad: toward the tai

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

crani/o

A

cranium (skull)

crani/al: pertaining to the cranium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

dist/o

A

far, farthest

dist/al: pertaining to the farthest (point of attachment)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

dors/o

A

back (of body)

dors/al: pertaining to the back of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

infer/o

A

lower, below

infer/ior: pertaining to a lower (structure or surface)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

later/o

A

side, to one side

later/al: pertaining to a side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

medi/o

A

middle

medi/ad: toward the middle

73
Q

poster/o

A

back (of body), behind, posterior

poter/ior: pertaining to the back (of the body)

74
Q

proxim/o

A

near, nearest

proxim/al: pertaining to the nearest (point of attachment)

75
Q

ventr/o

A

belly, belly side

ventr/al: pertaining to the belly side (front of the body)

76
Q

abdomin/o region

A

abdomen

77
Q

cervic/o region

A

neck; cervix uteri (neck of the uterus)

78
Q

crani/o region

A

cranium (skull)

79
Q

gastr/o region

A

stomach

80
Q

ili/o region

A

ilium (lateral, flaring portion of hip bone)

81
Q

inguin/o region

A

groin

82
Q

lumb/o region

A

loins (lower back)

83
Q

pelv/i, pelv/o region

A

pelvis

84
Q

spin/o region

A

spine

85
Q

thorac/o region

A

chest

86
Q

umbilic/o region

A

umbilicus, navel

87
Q

albin/o (color)

A

white

88
Q

leuk/o (color)

A

white

89
Q

chlor/o (color)

A

green

90
Q

chrom/o (color)

A

color/different

91
Q

cirrh/o (color)

A

yellow

92
Q

jaund/o (color)

A

yellow

93
Q

xanth/o (color)

A

yellow

94
Q

cyan/o (color)

A

blue

95
Q

erythr/o (color)

A

red

96
Q

melan/o (color)

A

black

97
Q

poli/o (color)

A

gray; gray matter (of the brain or spinal cord)

98
Q

acro/o

A

extremity

acr/o/cyan/osis: abnormal condition in which the extremities are blue

99
Q

eti/o

A

cause

eti/o/logy: study of the causes of disease

100
Q

idi/o

A

unknown, peculiar

idi/o/path/ic: pertaining to an unknown (cause of) disease

101
Q

morph/p

A

form, shape, structure

morph/o/logy: study of form, shape, or structure

102
Q

path/o

A

disease

path/o/logist: specialist in the study of disease

103
Q

radi/o

A

radiation, x-ray; radius (lower arm bone on thumb side)

radi/o/logist: specialist in the study of radiation

104
Q

somat/o

A

body

somat/ic: pertaining to the body

105
Q

son/o

A

sound

son/o/graphy: process of recording sound

106
Q

viscer/o

A

internal organs

viscer/al: pertaining to internal organs

107
Q

xer/o

A

dry

xer/osis: abnormal condition of dryness

108
Q

-genesis

A

forming, producing, origin

path/o/genesis: origin of disease

109
Q

-gnosis

A

knowing

pro/gnosis: knowing before

110
Q

-gram

A

record, writing

arteri/o/gram: record of an artery

111
Q

-graph

A

instrument for recording

radi/o/graph: instrument for recording x-rays

112
Q

-graphy

A

process of recording

arthr/o/graphy: process of recording a joint

113
Q

-logist

A

specialist in the study of

dermat/o/logist: specialist in the study of skin

114
Q

-logy

A

study of

hemat/o/logy: study of blood

115
Q

-meter

A

instrument for measuring

term/o/meter: instrument for measuring heat

116
Q

-metry

A

act of measuring

ventricul/o/metry: act of measuring the ventricles

117
Q

-pathy

A

disease

gastr/o/pathy: disease of the stomach

118
Q

etiology

A

the study of the cause or origin of a disease or disorder

119
Q

adhesion

A

abnormal fibrous band that holds or binds together tissues that are normally separated

120
Q

analyte

A

substance analyzed or tested, generally by means of laboratory methods

121
Q

constrast medium

A

substance injected into the body, introduced via catheter, or swallowed to facilitate radiographic images of internal structures that otherwise are difficult to visualize on x-ray films

122
Q

dehiscence

A

bursting open of a wound, especially a surgical abdominal wound

123
Q

febrile

A

feverish; pertaining to a fever

124
Q

homeostasis

A

relative constancy or balance in the internal environment of the body, maintained by processes of feedback and adjustment in response to external or internal changes

125
Q

inflammation

A

body defense against injury, infection, or allergy that is marked by redness, swelling, heat, pain, and sometimes loss of function. Inflammation is one mechanism used by the body to protect against invasion by foreign organisms and to repair injured tissue

126
Q

sepsis

A

pathological state, usually febrile, resulting from the presence of microorganisms or their products in the bloodstream

127
Q

suppurative

A

producing or associated with generation of pus

128
Q

endoscopy

A

visual examination of a body cavity or canal using a specialized lighted instrument called an endoscope

129
Q

laproscopy

A

visual examination of the organs of the pelvis and abdomen through very small incisions in the abdominal wall

130
Q

thoacoscopy

A

examination of the lungs, pleura, and pleural space with a scope inserted through a small incision between the ribs

131
Q

complete blood count (CBC)

A

common blood test that enumerates red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets; measures hemoglobin ; estimates red cell volume; and sorts white blood cells into five subtypes with their percentages

132
Q

computed tomography (CT)

A

imaging technique achieved by rotaring an x-ray emitter aorund the area to be scanned and measuring the intensity of transmitted rays from different angles

133
Q

doppler

A

ultrasound technique used to detect and measure blood-flow velocity and direction through the cardiac chambers, valves, and peripheral vessels by reflecting sound waves off moving blood cells

134
Q

fluoroscopy

A

radiographic technique in which x-rays are directed through the body to a fluorescent screen that displays continuous motion images of internal structures

135
Q

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

A

noninvasice technique that uses radiowaves and a strong magnetic field rather than an x-ray beam to produce multiplanar cross sectional images

136
Q

nuclear scan

A

diagnostic technique that uses a radioactive material called a tracer that is introduced into the body and a specialized camera to produce images of organs and structures

137
Q

positron emission tomography (PET)

A

scanning technique using computed tomography to record the positrons emitted from a radiopharmaceutical, that produces a cross-sectional image of metabloic activity in body tissues to determine the presence of disease

138
Q

single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)

A

radiological technique that integrates computed tomography (CT) and a radioactive material (tracer) injected into the bloodstream to visiualize blood flow to tissues and organs

139
Q

tomography

A

radiographic technique that produces an image representing a detailed cross section of an area, tissue, or organ at a predetermined depth

140
Q

ultrasonography

A

imaging procedure using high-frequency sound waves that display the reflected echoes on a monitor

141
Q

frozen section biopsy

A

ultra-thin slice of tissue cut from a frozen specimen for immediate pathological examination

142
Q

needle biopsy

A

removal of a small tissue sample for examination using a hollow needle, usually attached to a syringe

143
Q

punch biopsy

A

removal of a small core of tissue using a hollow instrument (punch)

144
Q

shave biopsy

A

removal of tissue using a surgical blade to shave elevated lesions

145
Q

otorhinolaryngology

A

ENT branch of medicine

146
Q

rheumatology

A

study of watery flow; diseases characterized by inflammation, degeneration, or derangement of connective tissues and related structures

147
Q

ablation

A

removal of a part, pathway, or function by surgery, chemical destruction, electrocautery, freezing, or radio frequency (RF)

148
Q

anastomosis

A

surgical joining of two ducts, vessels, or bowel segments to allow flow from one to another

149
Q

cauterize

A

destroy tissue by electricity, freezing, heat, or corrosive chemicals

150
Q

curettage

A

scraping of a body cavity with a spoon-shaped instrument called a curette

151
Q

incision and drainage (I&D)

A

incision made to allow the free flow or withdrawal of fluids from a wound or cavity

152
Q

laser surgery

A

surgical technique employing a device that emits intense heat and power at close range to cut, burn, vaporize, or destroy tissues

153
Q

radical dissection

A

surgical removal of tissue in an extensive area surrounding the surgical site in an attempt to excise all the tissue that may be malignant and decrease the chance of recurrence

154
Q

resection

A

partial excision of a bone, organ, or other structure

155
Q

ant

A

anterior

156
Q

AP

A

anteroposterior

157
Q

Bx, bx

A

biopsy

158
Q

CBC

A

complete blood count

159
Q

CT

A

computed tomography

160
Q

DSA

A

digital subtraction angiography

161
Q

Dx

A

diagnosis

162
Q

FS

A

frozen section

163
Q

I&D

A

incision and drainage

164
Q

LAT, lat

A

lateral

165
Q

LLQ

A

left lower quadrant

166
Q

LUQ

A

left upper quadrant

167
Q

MRI

A

magnetic resonance imaging

168
Q

PET

A

positron emission tomography

169
Q

post

A

posterior

170
Q

RF

A

rheumatoid factor; radio frequency

171
Q

RLQ

A

right lower quadrant

172
Q

RUQ

A

right upper quadrant

173
Q

sono

A

sonogram

174
Q

SPECT

A

single photon emission computed tomography

175
Q

Sx

A

symptom

176
Q

Tx

A

treatment

177
Q

UA

A

urinalysis

178
Q

U&L, U/L

A

upper and lower

179
Q

US

A

ultrasound ultrasonography

Medical Terminology (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions