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MIS > Chapter 6: Data and Business Intelligence > Flashcards

Chapter 6: Data and Business Intelligence Flashcards

1
Q

Information Granularity

A

Refers to the extent of detail within the information

Detail (fine), summary, aggregate (coarse)

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2
Q

Information levels

A

Individual, department, enterprise

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3
Q

Information formats

A

Document, presentation, spreadsheet, database

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4
Q

Information Quality

A
  • decisions are only as good as the quality of info used to make them
  • you never want to find yourself using technology to help you make a bad decision faster
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5
Q

Characteristics of high quality information

A 
Accurate 
Complete
Consistent
Unique
Timely
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6
Q

Information Timeliness

A

An aspect of info that depends on the situation

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7
Q

Real time information

A

Immediate, up to date information

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8
Q

Real time system

A

Provides real time information in response to requests

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9
Q

Examples of low quality information

A 
Missing info (no first name)
Incomplete info (no street)
Inaccurate info (invalid email)
Probable duplicate info (similar names, same address, number)
Potential wrong info
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10
Q

Primary sources of low quality information

A
  • customers intentionally enter inaccurate info to protect privacy
  • different entry standards and formats
  • operators enter abbreviated or erroneous info by accident to save time
  • third party and external info contains inconsistencies, inaccuracies, and errors
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11
Q

Costs of using low quality information

A
  • inability to track customers
  • difficulty identifying valuable customers
  • inability to identify selling opportunities
  • marketing to nonexistent customers
  • difficulty tracking revenue
  • inability to build strong customer relationships
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12
Q

Benefits of good information

A
  • significantly improve chances of making a good decision

- good decisions can directly impact an organizations bottom line

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13
Q

Database

A
  • where information is stored

- maintains information about various types of objects, events, people, and places

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14
Q

Database management systems (DBMS)

A

Allows users to create, read, update, and delete data in a relational database

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15
Q

Data element

A

The smallest or basic unit of information

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16
Q

Data model

A

Logical data structures that detail the relationships among data elements using graphics or pictures

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17
Q

Metadata

A

Provides details about data

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18
Q

Data dictionary

A

Compiles all of the metadata about the data elements in the data model

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19
Q

Entity

A

A person, place, thing, transaction, or event about which information is stored

  • rows in a ramble contain entities
  • primary keys and foreign keys
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20
Q

Attribute (field, column)

A

The data elements associated with an entity

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21
Q

Record

A

A collection of related data elements

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22
Q

Primary key

A

A field that uniquely identifies a given entity in a table

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23
Q

Foreign key

A

A primary key of one table that appears an attribute in another table and acts to provide a logical relationship among the two tables

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24
Q

Database advantages

A
  • increased flexibility
  • increased scalability and performance
  • reduced information redundancy
  • increased information integrity (quality)
  • increased information security
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25
Q

Increased flexibility

A
  • handle changes quickly and easily
  • provide users with different views
  • have only one physical view
  • have multiple logical views
26
Q

Physical view

A

Deals with the physical storage of information on a storage device

27
Q

Logical view

A

Focuses on how individual users logically access information to meet their own particular business needs

28
Q

Increased scalability and performance

A
  • a database must scale to meet increased demand, while maintaining acceptable performance levels
29
Q

Scalability

A

Refers to how well a system can adapt to increased demands

30
Q

Performance

A

Measures how quickly a system performs a certain process or transaction

31
Q

Data redundancy

A

The duplication of data or storing the same information in multiple places

32
Q

Information integrity

A

Measures the quality of information

33
Q

Integrity constraint

A

Rules that help ensure the quality of information

  • relational integrity constraint
  • business critical integrity constraint
34
Q

Information cleansing or scrubbing

A

A process that weeds out and fixed or discards inconsistent, incorrect, or incomplete information

35
Q

Increased information security

A

Password
Access level
Access control

36
Q

Password

A

Provides authentication of the user

37
Q

Access level

A

Determines who has access to the different types of information

38
Q

Access control

A

Determines types of user access, such as read-only access

39
Q

Data driven websites

A

An interactive website kept constantly updated and relevant to the needs of its customers using a database

40
Q

Data driven website advantages

A
  • easy to manage content
  • easy to store large amounts of data
  • easy to eliminate human errors
41
Q

Transactional information

A

Encompasses all of the information contained within a single business process or unit of work, and it’s primary purpose is to support the performing of daily operational tasks
- airline ticket, packiNg slip, sales receipt

42
Q

Analytical information

A

Encompasses all organizational information, and it’s primary purpose is to support the performing of managerial analysis tasks
- trends, future growth, sales projection, product statistics

43
Q

Benefits of data warehousing

A

Extend the transformation of data into information

- provides the ability to support decision making without disrupting day to day operations

44
Q

Data warehouse

A

A logical collection of information gathered from many different operational databases that supports business analysis activities and decision making tasks
- primary purpose is to aggregate information throughout an organization into a single repository for decision making purposes

45
Q

Extraction, transformation, and loading (ETL)

A

A process that extracts information from internal and external databases, transforms the information using a common set of enterprise definitions, and loads the information into a data warehouse

46
Q

Data mart

A

Contains a subset of data warehouse information

47
Q

Multidimensional analysis

A

Databases are 2D

- data warehouses are multidimensional, layers of columns and rows

48
Q

Dimension

A

A particular attribute of information

49
Q

Cube

A

Common term for the representation of multidimensional information

50
Q

Data mining

A

The process of analyzing data to extract information not offered by the raw data alone

51
Q

Data mining tools

A

Classification
Estimation
Affinity grouping
Clustering

52
Q

Structured data

A

Data already in a database or spreadsheet

53
Q

Unstructured data

A

Data does not exist in a fixed location and can include text documents, PDFs, voice messages, emails

54
Q

Text mining

A

Analyzes unstructured data to find trends and patterns in words and sentences

55
Q

Web mining

A

Analyzes unstructured data associated with websites to identify consumer behavior and website navigation

56
Q

Common forms of data mining analysis

A

Cluster analysis
Association detection
Statistical analysis

57
Q

Cluster analysis

A

A technique used to divide an information set into mutually exclusive groups such that the members of each group are as close together as possible to one another and the different groups are as far apart as possible

58
Q

Association detection

A

Reveals the relationship between variables along with the nature and frequency of the relationships

59
Q

Statistical analysis

A

Performs such functions as information correlations, distributions, calculations, and variance analysis

  • forecast
  • time series info
60
Q

Forecast

A

Predictions made on the basis of time series information

61
Q

Time series information

A

Time stamped information collected at a particular frequency

62
Q

Business benefits of high quality information

A
  • information is everywhere
  • employees must be able to obtain and analyze diff levels, formats, granularities of info to make decisions
  • successfully collecting and analyzing info provides insight on performance

MIS (12 decks)

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