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Traditional Logic - I > Chapter 6: Contradictory and Contrary Statements > Flashcards

Chapter 6: Contradictory and Contrary Statements Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two kinds of relationships statements can have to one another?

A

Opposition and equivalence.

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2
Q

What do we mean in logic when we speak of ‘opposition’?

A

We mean the relationship which we observe in things we call ‘opposite’

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3
Q

What are we doing when we oppose propositions?

A

We affirm or deny the same predicate of the same subject.

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4
Q

What are the four ways A, E, I, and O statements can be related to one another in opposition?

A

They can be contradictory, contrary, subcontrary, or subalternate.

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5
Q

Express the Rule of Contradiction.

A

Contradictory statements are statements that differ in both quality or quantity.

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6
Q

Tell the quality and quantity of the A statement.

A

The A statement is affirmative and universal.

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7
Q

Tell the quality and quantity of the O statement.

A

The O statement is negative and particular.

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8
Q

Does the A statement contradict the O statement? If so, explain why; if not explain why not.

A

Yes. The A statement contradicts the O statement because they differ in both quality (the A statement is affirmative, while the O statement is negative) and quantity (the A statement is universal, while the O statement is particular).

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9
Q

Which other pair of statements are contradictory to one another?

A

The E statement and the I statements are contradictory to one another, since they differ in both quality and quantity.

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10
Q

Are these statements contradictory to each other? All logic problems are difficult and some logic problems are difficult.

A

No.

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11
Q

Are these statements contradictory to each other? No logic problems are difficult and all logic problems are difficult.

A

No.

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12
Q

Are these statements contradictory to each other? No logic problems are difficult and some logic problems are difficult.

A

Yes.

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13
Q

Are these statements contradictory to each other? All logic problems are difficult and some logic problems are not difficult.

A

Yes.

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14
Q

Are these statements contradictory to each other? All logic problems are difficult and no logic problems are difficult.

A

No.

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15
Q

Are these statements contradictory to each other? No logic problems are difficult and some logic problems are not difficult.

A

No.

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16
Q

Are these statements contradictory to each other? Some logic problems are difficult and some logic problems are not difficult.

A

No.

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17
Q

Are these statements contradictory to each other? Some men are happy and some men are not happy.

A

No.

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18
Q

Are these statements contradictory to each other? No men are happy and some men are not happy.

A

No.

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19
Q

Are these statements contradictory to each other? No men are happy and all men are happy.

A

No.

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20
Q

Are these statements contradictory to each other? All men are happy and some men are not happy.

A

Yes.

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21
Q

Are these statements contradictory to each other? No men are happy and some men are happy.

A

Yes.

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22
Q

Are these statements contradictory to each other? No men are happy and all men are happy.

A

No.

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23
Q

Are these statements contradictory to each other? All men are happy and some men are happy.

A

No.

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24
Q

What is the first law of opposition?

A

Contradictories cannot at the same time be true nor at the same time be false.

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25
Q

Can both the A and O statements be true at the same time?

A

No.

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26
Q

Can both the A and O statements be false at the same time?

A

No.

27
Q

Can both the E and I statements be true at the same time?

A

No.

28
Q

Can both the E and I statements be false at the same time?

A

No.

29
Q

Which two pairs of statements are affected by the First Law of Opposition?

A

The A and O statements, and the E and I statements.

30
Q

Are these two statements contradictory to each other?No cars are fast and all cars are fast.

A

No.

31
Q

Are these two statements contradictory to each other? Some omelettes are tasty and no omelettes are tasty.

A

Yes.

32
Q

Are these two statements contradictory to each other? Some tomatoes are not red and all tomatoes are red.

A

Yes.

33
Q

Are these two statements contradictory to each other? Michael Jordan is a good basketball player and Michael Jordan is not a good basketball player.

A

No.

34
Q

Are these two statements contradictory to each other? No guns are loud and some guns are not loud.

A

No.

35
Q

Are these two statements contradictory to each other? Some rocks are not crystals and some rock are crystals.

A

No.

36
Q

Are these two statements contradictory to each other? Some men are sinners and some men are not sinners.

A

No.

37
Q

Are these two statements contradictory to each other? No men are saved and some men are not saved.

A

No.

38
Q

Are these two statements contradictory to each other? All wars are bloody and no wars are bloody.

A

No.

39
Q

Are these two statements contradictory to each other? Some soldiers are not brave and all soldiers are brave.

A

Yes.

40
Q

Are these two statements contradictory to each other? Some animals are amphibians and no animals are amphibians.

A

Yes.

41
Q

Are these two statements contradictory to each other? No houses are well built and All houses are well built.

A

No.

42
Q

Are these two statements contradictory to each other? All storms are violent and some storms are violent.

A

No.

43
Q

Are these two statements contradictory to each other? All machines are loud and some machines are loud.

A

No.

44
Q

Explain why the A statement (All S is P) is not contradictory to the E statement (No S is P) are not contradictory.

A

Because they must differ in both quality and quantity, but the A and E statements only differ in quality.

45
Q

Express the Rule of Contraries.

A

Two statements are contrary to one another if they are both universal but differ in quantity.

46
Q

Tell the quality and quantity of the A statement.

A

The A statement is affirmative and universal.

47
Q

Tell the quality and quantity of the E statement.

A

The E statement is negative and universal.

48
Q

Is the A statement contrary to the E statement? If so, explain why; if not explain why not.

A

Yes. The A statement is contrary to the E statement because they are both universals which differ in quality.

49
Q

Are there any other pairs of contraries (other than A and E statements)? If so, what are they?

A

There is no other pair of statements which are contrary to one another.

50
Q

Are these statement contrary to one another? All logic problems are difficult and some logic problems are difficult.

A

No.

51
Q

Are these statement contrary to one another? No logic problems are difficult and All logic problems are difficult.

A

Yes.

52
Q

Are these statement contrary to one another? Some logic problems are difficult and No logic problems are difficult.

A

No.

53
Q

Are these statement contrary to one another? Some logic problems are difficult and All logic problems are difficult.

A

No.

54
Q

Are these statement contrary to one another? All logic problems are difficult and No logic problems are difficult.

A

Yes.

55
Q

Are these statement contrary to one another? No logic problems are difficult and Some logic problems are difficult.

A

No.

56
Q

Are these statement contrary to one another? Some logic problems are difficult and some logic problems are difficult.

A

No.

57
Q

Are these statement contrary to one another? Some men are happy and Some men are happy.

A

No.

58
Q

Are these statement contrary to one another? No men are happy and Some men are happy

A

No.

59
Q

Are these statement contrary to one another? All men are happy and No men are happy

A

Yes.

60
Q

Are these statement contrary to one another? Some men are happy and All men are happy.

A

No.

61
Q

Are these statement contrary to one another? Some men are happy and No men are happy.

A

No.

62
Q

Are these statement contrary to one another? No men are happy and All men are happy.

A

Yes.

63
Q

Are these statement contrary to one another? All men are happy and Some men are happy.

A

No.

Traditional Logic - I (7 decks)

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