Chapter 4: What is Judgement Flashcards
In the previous chapter we discussed simple apprehension. What are we discussing in this chapter?
Judgement.
In the sentence ‘man is an animal,’ What two things are we uniting by affirming?
The two concepts ‘man’ and ‘animal.’
What do we call the verbal expression of judgement?
Proposition.
What part of logic is judgement?
Judgement is the second part of logic.
What is the definition of judgement?
Judgement can be defined as the act by which the intellect unites by affirming, or by denying.
What does a judgement unite (or separate)?
Two concepts.
What do we call the verbal expression of simple apprehension?
Term.
In the sentence “man is not God,” what two things are we separating by denying?
The two concepts ‘man’ and ‘God.’
In any proposition, what are the two concepts we unite by affirming, or separating by denying.
The subject and predicate.
Explain what a subject is as we use it in judgment.
The subject is what it is we are saying something; it is the concept about which we are affirming or denying about something.
Explain what a predicate is as we use it in judgement.
The predicate is what it is we are saying about the subject; it is what we are affirming or denying about it.
What is the subject and predicate in the judgement expressed by the proposition “Man is an animal”
‘man’ is the subject, and ‘animal’ is the predicate.
What is the subject and predicate in the judgement expressed by the proposition “Man is not God”
‘man’ is the subject, and ‘God’ is the predicate.
What are we affirming about the subject in the proposition “Man is an animal”?
That he is an animal (biologically).
What are we denying about the subject in the proposition “Man is not God”?
That he is not God.
What is the proper definition of ‘proposition’?
A sentence or statement which expresses truth or falsity.
What kind of statements are not propositions?
Questions, commands, exclamations, and greetings.
Is this statement a proposition or not? “Peter is a man.”
It is.
Is this statement a proposition or not? “Just do it.”
It isn’t.
Is this statement a proposition or not? “Where in the world is Carmen San Diego?”
It isn’t.
Is this statement a proposition or not? “Peter is not a man.”
It is.
Is this statement a proposition or not? “There were three thousand purple ducks found on Mars.”
It is.
Is this statement a proposition or not? “Barney (the purple dinosaur) is a man.
It is.
Is this statement a proposition or not? “Oh wow!”
It isn’t.
Is this statement a proposition or not? “Hello!”
It isn’t.
Is this statement a proposition or not? “All dogs go to heaven.”
It is.
Is this statement a proposition or not? “No purple dinosaurs go to heaven.”
It is.
Is this statement a proposition or not? “Who is the president of the United States?”
It isn’t.
Is this statement a proposition or not? “Barney is the president of the United States.”
It is.
Is this statement a proposition or not? “The postman never rings twice.”
It is.
Is this statement a proposition or not? “How are you today?”
It isn’t.
Is this statement a proposition or not? “That’s a fine duck you have there.”
It is.
Is this statement a proposition or not? “How many ducks do you have?”
It isn’t.
Is this statement a proposition or not? “Don’t feed the animals.”
It isn’t.
Is this statement a proposition or not? “Peter is not a duck.”
It is.
What are the three elements of any proposition
The subject, predicate, and copula.
Explain what the subject-term is.
The subject-term is the verbal expression of the subject of a judgement.
What does S stand for?
Subject.
What does P stand for?
Predicate.
What does c stand for?
copula.
Explain what the predicate-term is.
The predicate-term is the verbal expression of the predicate of a judgement.
Explain what the copula is.
A copula is a form of the to be verb (e.g., is, are, etc.) that connects the subject and the predicate.
How many words must the subject-term have?
A subject-term can be made up of many words.
How many words must the predicate-term have?
A predicate-term can be made up of many words.
What is the subject-term of the proposition ‘Peter is a man?’
‘Peter.’
What is the predicate-term of the proposition ‘Peter is a man?’
‘man.’
What is the copula of the proposition ‘Peter is a man.?
‘is.’
What is the subject-term of the proposition ‘Two and two are four?’
‘Two.’
What is the predicate-term of the proposition ‘Two and two are four?’
‘four.’
What is the copula of the proposition ‘Two and two are four?’
‘are.’
What is the subject-term of the proposition ‘I am the vine?’
‘I.’
What is the predicate-term of the proposition ‘I am the vine?’
‘vine.’
What is the copula of the proposition ‘I am the vine?’
‘am.’
What is the subject-term of the proposition ‘You are the branches?’
‘You.’
What is the predicate-term of the proposition ‘You are the branches?’
‘the branches.’
What is the copula of the proposition ‘You are the branches?’
‘are.’
What is the subject-term of the proposition ‘I am the son of god.’
‘I.’
What is the predicate-term of the proposition ‘I am the son of god.’
‘the son of god.’
What is the copula of the proposition ‘I am the son of god.’
‘am.’
What is the subject-term of the proposition ‘My kingdom is not of this world.’
‘My kingdom.’
What is the predicate-term of the proposition ‘My kingdom is not of this world.’
‘not of this world.’
What is the copula of the proposition ‘My kingdom is not of this world.’
‘Is.’
How do you determine whether a proposition is in logical form?
It is in logical form if the subject, predicate, and copula are easily distinguishable.
What is the best way to change a sentence that is not in logical form to one that is in logical form?
By reworking the predicate-copula portion of the sentence to make it more explicit.
Indicate whether the sentence is in logical form or not. Peter is a man.
It is.
Indicate whether the sentence is in logical form or not. My nose is big.
It is.
Indicate whether the sentence is in logical form or not. Peter is big.
It is.
Indicate whether the sentence is in logical form or not. I am the way, the truth, and the life.
It is.
Indicate whether the sentence is in logical form or not. He that seeth me seeth Him that sent me.
It isn’t.
Indicate whether the sentence is in logical form or not. Man thinks.
It isn’t.
Indicate whether the sentence is in logical form or not. Roses are red.
It is.
Indicate whether the sentence is in logical form or not. Three’s a crowd.
It isn’t.
Indicate whether the sentence is in logical form or not. I like it.
It isn’t.
Indicate whether the sentence is in logical form or not. Home is where the heart is.
It is.
Put the sentence: ‘He that seeth me seeth Him that sent me’ into logical form.
He that seeth me is a person who seeth Him that sent me.
Put the sentence: ‘Man thinks’ into logical form.
Man is a being who thinks.
Put the sentence: ‘Three’s a crowd’ into logical form.
Three (people) is a crowd.
Put the sentence: ‘I like it’ into logical form.
I am a person who likes it.
Indicate whether the following statement is true or false. A proposition is the verbal expression of a judgement.
True.
Indicate whether the following statement is true or false. A judgement unites two concepts.
False.
Indicate whether the following statement is true or false. Judgement is the third part of the study of logic.
False.
Indicate whether the following statement is true or false. The subject and the copula are united by the predicate.
False.
Indicate whether the following statement is true or false. The subject of the sentence ‘man is an animal’ is ‘animal.’
False.
Indicate whether the following statement is true or false. The subject of the sentence ‘man is not God’ is ‘God.’
False.
Indicate whether the following statement is true or false. Questions are not propositions.
True.
Indicate whether the following statement is true or false. Just do it is a proposition.
False.
Indicate whether the following statement is true or false. ‘All dogs go to heaven’ is a proposition.
True.
Indicate whether the following statement is true or false. The three elements of any proposition are the subject, predicate, and the copula.
True.
Indicate whether the following statement is true or false. A subject must have at least two words.
False.
