Chapter 6: Conception, Pregnancy, and Childbrith Flashcards
an enzyme secreted by the sperm that allows one sperm to penetrate the egg
Hyaluronidase
a fertilized egg
zygote
an organ formed on the wall of the uterus through which the fetus receives oxygen and nutrients and gets rid of waste products
placenta
a hormone secreted by the placenta; it is the hormone detected in pregnancy tests
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)
the tube that connects the fetus to the placenta
umbilical cord
the watery fluid surrounding a developing fetus in the uterus
amniotic fluid
delivery of a dead fetus, especially after the 28th week of gestation
stillbirth
excessive fluid retention and swelling
edema
a watery substance that is secreted from the breasts at the end of pregnancy and during the first few days after delivery
colostrum
contractions of the uterus during pregnancy that are not part of actual labor
Braxton-Hicks contractions
a substance that produces defects in a fetus
Teratogen
serious growth deficiency and malformations in the child of a mother who abuses alcohol during pregnancy
Fetal Alcohol Sydrome (FAS)
a thinning out of the cervix during labor
effacement
an opening up of the cervix during labor; also called dilatation
dilation
the beginning of labor, during which there are regular contractions of the uterus; the stage lasts until the cervix is dilated 8 centimeters (3 in)
first-stage labor
the difficult part of labor at the end of the first stage, during which the cervix dilates from 8 to 10 cm (3 to 4 in)
transition
the stage during which the baby moves out through the vagina and is delivered
second-stage labor
an incision made in the skin just behind the vagina, allowing the baby to be delivered more easily
episiotomy
the stage during which the afterbirth is expelled
third-stage labor
a method of delivering a baby surgically, by an incision in the abdomen
cesarean section (C-section)
a method of “prepared” childbirth involving relaxation and controlled breathing
Lamaze method
a woman having her first baby
Primipara
mild to moderate depression in women following the birth of a baby
postpartum depression
a pregnancy in which the fertilized egg implants somewhere other than the uterus
ectopic pregnancy
false pregnancy, in which the woman displays the signs of pregnancy but is not actually pregnant
pseudocyesis
a serious disease of pregnancy, marked by high blood pressure, severe edema, and proteinuria
Preeclampsia
a test done to determine whether a fetus has birth defects; done by inserting a fine tube into the woman’s abdomen in order to obtain a sample of amniotic fluid
Amniocentesis
a technique for prenatal diagnosis of birth defects, involving taking a sample of cells from the chorionic villus and analyzing them
Chorionic Villus Sampling
the termination of a pregnancy before the fetus is viable, as a result of natural causes (not medical intervention)
miscarriage
a woman’s inability to conceive and give birth to a living child, or a man’s inability to impregnate a woman
infertility
precedure in which sperm are placed into the vagina by means other than sexual intercourse
artificial insemination
a procedure in which an embryo is transferred from the uterus of one woman into the uterus of another
embryo transfer
a procedure in which an egg is fertilized by sperm in a laboratory dish
In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)
gamete intrafallopian transfer, a procedure in which sperm and eggs are collected and then inserted together into the fallopian tube
GIFT
