Chapter 19: Ethics, Religion, and Sexuality

Question 1

a system of moral principles; a way of determining right and wrong

Answer 1

ethics

Question 2

a moral system based on maximizing pleasure and avoiding pain

Answer 2

hedonism

Question 3

an approach to life emphasizing discipline and impulse control

Answer 3

asceticism

Question 4

ethics based on the assumption that there are rules for human conduct and that morality consists of knowing the rules and obeying them

Answer 4

legalism

Question 5

ethics based on the assumption that there are no absolute rules, or at least very few, and that each situation must be judged individually

Answer 5

situationism

Question 6

sex between an older man and a younger man, or a boy; sometimes called boy love

Answer 6

pederasty

Question 7

a form of nature religion in which the fertility of the soil is encouraged through various forms of ritual magic, often including ritual sexual intercourse

Answer 7

fertility cult

Question 8

a religious or philosophical belief that body and spirit are separate and opposed to each other and that the goal of life is to free the spirit from the bondage of the body; thus a depreciation of the material world and the physical aspect of humanity

Answer 8

dualism

Question 9

the practice of remaining celibate; a person who remains unmarried, usually for religious reasons; sometimes used to refer to abstaining from sexual intercourse, which is actually called chastity

Answer 9

celibacy

Question 10

a philosophical system that holds that ethical judgements must be made on the basis of human experience and human reason

Answer 10

humanism

Question 11

a religious or philosophical attitude that emphasizes moral behavior, usually according to strict standards, as the highest goal of human life; tends to favor strict regulation of human conduct to make people good

Answer 11

moralism

Question 12

a philosophical or politcal attitude that affirms the value of many competing opinions and believes that the truth is discovered in the clash of diverse perspectives; believe in the maximum human freedom possible

Answer 12

pluralism

Question 13

the term for sex by unmarried persons and, more generally, all immoral sexual behavior

Answer 13

fornication

Question 14

voluntary sexual intercourse by a husband or wife with someone other than one’s spouse; thus, betrayal of one’s marriage vows

Answer 14

adultery

Question 15

a cloning technique that involves substituting genetic material from an adult’s cell for the nucleus of an egg

Answer 15

somatic cell nuclear transfer

Question 16

creating tissues or cells that are genetically identical to those of a patient, to treat a disease

Answer 16

therapeutic cloning