Chapter 6: Clinical Assessments and Sonographic Procedures Flashcards
What are the 12 Ultrasound Specialties?
Abdominal, Breast, Adult Cardiac, Pediatric Cardiac, Fetal Echocardiography, Gynecologic, Obstetrics, Opthalmologics, Pediatrics, Urologic, Vascular, and Muskoskeletal.
What are the four most widely practiced diagnostic ultrasound specialties?
Abdominal, Obstetric and Gynecologic, Cardiac, and Vascular.
What does SCAN stand for?
Sonography Clinical Assessment Notebook
Who developed SCAN?
International Foundation for Sonography Education and Research or IFSER
What was developed collaboratively and endorsed by many sonography-related organizations?
the National Education Curriculum
Who offers NEC?
The Joint Review Committee on Education in Diagnostic Medical Sonograpy or JRC-DMS
What is a major goal of sonographers when it comes to sonographic techniques?
To master them to produce high-quality diagnostic sonograms with minimal patient discomfort.
What skills are sonographers required to have?
To compile relevant data by reviewing charts: obtaining additional history and physical data, evaluating lab values, and communicate in written and verbal forms.
What is Supine Position?
Also known as the dorsal recumbent position.
Patient is on their back with head and shoulders slightly elevated.
Used to examine the upper abdomen
Elevating patients right arm helps to open up intercoastal spaces in the ribs.
What is the Lateral Position?
Patient is lying on his side with arms positioned in front of them.
What is a right lateral decubitus position?
Patient will be laying on right side with leg crossed over in front of the other one. Helpful in seeing left kidney.
What is a left later decubitus position?
Patient lays on left side with leg crossed in front of other. Helpful in viewing gallbladder and right kidney. Used in echocaridography.
What is the prone position?
Patient lies on their abdomen with arms at either side or elevated alongside the head. Used to evaluate the kidneys and neonatal spine
What is the upright/erect position?
Patient sits on edge of scanning table, right arm elevated above head, left arm supporting.
Used to scan the gallbladder and pancreas.
What is the modified fowler position?
Head elevated 25 degrees, knees slightly bent.
Used during advanced pregnancy.
What is the Trendelenburg position?
The pelvis is elevated higher than the patients head.
What are the 4 scanning planes?
Sagittal, Transverse, Coronal, and Oblique.
What is the sagittal scanning plane?
Longitudinal, lengthwise, divides the patient into left and right sides.
What is the transverse scanning plane?
Horizontal across the patients body, 90 degrees to the sagittal plane. Divides body into superior and inferior positions. (Top and Bottom)
What is the coronal scanning plane?
Vertical plane - right angles to the sagittal plane. Divides the body into anterior and posterior positions.
What is the oblique plane?
any plane not parallel to the three other planes (sagittal, transverse, and coronal)
What are routine duties a sonographer should know?
Patient preparation, scheduling, image generation, recording, distribution, and archiving, technical reports, procedural and diagnostic coding, quality assurance testing, and supplies.
What is patient preparation?
- review the order to see if an ultrasound is the appropriate course of action.
- Check results of any prior diagnostic tests
- Mentally review sonographic protocols.
- Inform patient the reason for the ultrasound procedure
- Ensure the patient has followed any required pre-exam requirements
- Conduct a brief patient history.
- Instruct the patient on how to disrobe if needed
- Perform a brief physical examination
- Position patient on scanning table
- Select appropriate transducers for exam.
What is a schedule review?
Check schedule to pull prevous ultrasound examinations from the PACS system.
What is Image Generation, Recording, Distributuion, and Archiving?
Check accredited websites to ensure protocols and guidelines are up to date.
DICOM is the standard used with PACS for handling, storing, printing, and transmitting information in medical imaging.
What is DICOM?
Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine
What was used before DICOM with PACS?
RIS or Radiology Information System
What are technical reports?
Also known as the preliminary report.
Report of finding and observations
What is included in a technical report?
- Scanning planes and position used
- Normal or abnormal echogenicity (or both) of organs studied.
- Measurements and locations
- Presence of Shadowing or acoustic enhancement.
- Presence and location of masses.
- Presence and location of abnormal fluid collection
- Any technical difficulties encountered during study.
What are Procedural and Diagnostic Coding?
CPT codes or current procedural terminology codes.
Accounting and billing staff will keep CPT codes up to date.
You are responsible for keeping them current in your department.
Who publishes CPT codes?
The American Medical Association
What is quality assurance testing?
Testing of all ultrasound equipment and transducers, this is required.
What is a PM?
Preventive Maintenance
What is OEM?
Original Equipment Manufacturer
What are some supplies a sonographer would use?
Linens
Gels
Bedpan, urinals, emesis basin
Tissues
Wipes
IV Stand
Sterile Trays
Disinfectant Solutions
What is Abdominal and Retroperitoneal Sonography?
Used to examine the abdominal cavity for fluid, abscesses, or lymph adenopathy: liver, spleen, pancreas, gallbladder, biliary tract, kidneys, and urinary tract. Also used to examine Major abdominal vessels using 2D, 3D, and dopper ultrasound techniques