Chapter 1: History of Sonography Flashcards
What is Ultrasound?
Frequencies that are beyond the range of normal human hearing?
What frequencies are ultrasound?
Above 20kHz
What are a few examples of applications of ultrasound?
Automatic Door Openers, Detecting Flaws in Metal, Sonar.
Ultrasound has medical uses in what two applications?
Diagnostic and Therapeutic.
In what 2 therapies does ultrasound help to increase blood flow, speed up the healing process, and create warming in the tissues?
Physical and Occupational
What is Lithotripsy?
Ultrasound used at high powers to break up gallstones, kidney stones, and heel spurs.
What is the most common use of ultrasound in medicine?
Diagnostic
What is the synonym for sonography?
Ultrasonography
Sonography is what oldest imaging modality?
The 3rd oldest imaging modality
What effect did Jacque and Pierre Currie create?
The Piezoelectric effect
What is the Piezoelectric effect?
The construction of transducers to generate and receive sounds in the water.
When was the Piezoelectric effect created?
1880
What did Paul Langevin create?
Sonar type device used to echolocation to detect submarines.
When was the sonar device created by Paul Langevin?
1915
What did Ludwig detect?
Gallstones
What year did Ludwig detect gallstones?
1940s
What did Wild first use ultrasound to detect?
Tissue Thickness
What was wild a pioneer of?
Early development of early internal scanners
What engineer did wild construct with?
John Reid
What did John Reid and Wild create?
An early prototype breast scanner and the B-Mode (Brightness Modulation techniques with 2D presentations of echo-producing interfaces.
What did Edler and Hertz discover?
The use of ultrasound in the heart using M-Mode to evaluate the motions of the heart
When did Edler and Hertz discover M-Mode?
1953
What is Ian Donald credited with discovering?
First Diagnostic applications of Ultrasound.
Refined techniques for obstetric procedures.
The importance of having a full bladder.
What did Holmes, Wright, and Meyerdirk develop?
The first compound contact B-Mode scanner
When was the first contact B-Mode scanner developed?
1962
What did Kossoff develop?
A new type of scan converter that could process the returning echos as different shades of gray.
How the gray-scale imaging was born.
What corporation did Wilcox found?
The Advanced Diagnostic Research (ADR)
What time frame did new and improved real-time equipment become available?
Mid- 1980s.
What technique did Baker develop?
Blood flow volume from Doppler velocimetry measurements
What did the Seattle group create?
The first pulsed-doppler combined with 2D gray-scale imaging
When did the Seatle group create the pulsed-doppler with gray-scale imaging?
1974
What technique did the Japanese researchers create?
Color-flow mapping techniques.
What type of units allow for ultrasound to be available in remote areas?
Compact and Handheld devices
What were early sonographers called?
Ultrasound Technical Specialist
How much education did an ultrasound technical specialist require?
6 weeks to 6 months beyond High School.
What is a technologist?
Somone who specializes in technology.
Are sonographers considered technologists?
Yes
What is a sonographer
Specific to someone who performs medical sonography.
When was the American Registry for Diagnostic Medical Sonography Created?
1975
What was ARDMS tasked with?
To provide valid high-quality certification procedures.
What did ARDMS do in 1983?
Integrate the practical and oral aspects of the exam into written questions.
What did ARDMS do in 1991?
Offer computer-based exams.
What happened to ARDMS in 2016?
Restructured into a council under Intelos.
What is Inteleos?
A new healthcare organization.
What is a sonologist?
Any physician who interprets the ultrasound study.
