Chapter 1: History of Sonography

Question 1

What is Ultrasound?

Answer 1

Frequencies that are beyond the range of normal human hearing?

Question 2

What frequencies are ultrasound?

Answer 2

Above 20kHz

Question 3

What are a few examples of applications of ultrasound?

Answer 3

Automatic Door Openers, Detecting Flaws in Metal, Sonar.

Question 4

Ultrasound has medical uses in what two applications?

Answer 4

Diagnostic and Therapeutic.

Question 5

In what 2 therapies does ultrasound help to increase blood flow, speed up the healing process, and create warming in the tissues?

Answer 5

Physical and Occupational

Question 6

What is Lithotripsy?

Answer 6

Ultrasound used at high powers to break up gallstones, kidney stones, and heel spurs.

Question 7

What is the most common use of ultrasound in medicine?

Answer 7

Diagnostic

Question 8

What is the synonym for sonography?

Answer 8

Ultrasonography

Question 9

Sonography is what oldest imaging modality?

Answer 9

The 3rd oldest imaging modality

Question 10

What effect did Jacque and Pierre Currie create?

Answer 10

The Piezoelectric effect

Question 11

What is the Piezoelectric effect?

Answer 11

The construction of transducers to generate and receive sounds in the water.

Question 12

When was the Piezoelectric effect created?

Answer 12

1880

Question 13

What did Paul Langevin create?

Answer 13

Sonar type device used to echolocation to detect submarines.

Question 14

When was the sonar device created by Paul Langevin?

Answer 14

1915

Question 15

What did Ludwig detect?

Answer 15

Gallstones

Question 16

What year did Ludwig detect gallstones?

Answer 16

1940s

Question 17

What did Wild first use ultrasound to detect?

Answer 17

Tissue Thickness

Question 18

What was wild a pioneer of?

Answer 18

Early development of early internal scanners

Question 19

What engineer did wild construct with?

Answer 19

John Reid

Question 20

What did John Reid and Wild create?

Answer 20

An early prototype breast scanner and the B-Mode (Brightness Modulation techniques with 2D presentations of echo-producing interfaces.

Question 21

What did Edler and Hertz discover?

Answer 21

The use of ultrasound in the heart using M-Mode to evaluate the motions of the heart

Question 22

When did Edler and Hertz discover M-Mode?

Answer 22

1953

Question 23

What is Ian Donald credited with discovering?

Answer 23

First Diagnostic applications of Ultrasound.
Refined techniques for obstetric procedures.
The importance of having a full bladder.

Question 24

What did Holmes, Wright, and Meyerdirk develop?

Answer 24

The first compound contact B-Mode scanner

Question 25

When was the first contact B-Mode scanner developed?

Answer 25

1962

Question 26

What did Kossoff develop?

Answer 26

A new type of scan converter that could process the returning echos as different shades of gray. How the gray-scale imaging was born.

Question 27

What corporation did Wilcox found?

Answer 27

The Advanced Diagnostic Research (ADR)

Question 28

What time frame did new and improved real-time equipment become available?

Answer 28

Mid- 1980s.

Question 29

What technique did Baker develop?

Answer 29

Blood flow volume from Doppler velocimetry measurements

Question 30

What did the Seattle group create?

Answer 30

The first pulsed-doppler combined with 2D gray-scale imaging

Question 31

When did the Seatle group create the pulsed-doppler with gray-scale imaging?

Answer 31

1974

Question 32

What technique did the Japanese researchers create?

Answer 32

Color-flow mapping techniques.

Question 33

What type of units allow for ultrasound to be available in remote areas?

Answer 33

Compact and Handheld devices

Question 34

What were early sonographers called?

Answer 34

Ultrasound Technical Specialist

Question 35

How much education did an ultrasound technical specialist require?

Answer 35

6 weeks to 6 months beyond High School.

Question 36

What is a technologist?

Answer 36

Somone who specializes in technology.

Question 37

Are sonographers considered technologists?

Answer 37

Yes

Question 38

What is a sonographer

Answer 38

Specific to someone who performs medical sonography.

Question 39

When was the American Registry for Diagnostic Medical Sonography Created?

Answer 39

1975

Question 40

What was ARDMS tasked with?

Answer 40

To provide valid high-quality certification procedures.

Question 41

What did ARDMS do in 1983?

Answer 41

Integrate the practical and oral aspects of the exam into written questions.

Question 42

What did ARDMS do in 1991?

Answer 42

Offer computer-based exams.

Question 43

What happened to ARDMS in 2016?

Answer 43

Restructured into a council under Intelos.

Question 44

What is Inteleos?

Answer 44

A new healthcare organization.

Question 45

What is a sonologist?

Answer 45

Any physician who interprets the ultrasound study.