Chapter 5: Medical Techniques and Patient Care Flashcards
True or Fase: Sonographers need to learn more than just how to obtain diagnostic quality ultrasound examinations?
True
What is the difference between Univeral Precautions and Standard Precautions?
Univeral Cautions is an OSHA term, while Standard Precautions is a term by the CDC
What is Universal Precautions?
This is defined y OSHA’s bloodborn pathogens standard. This is to prevent the spread or transmission of blood-borne pathogens to healthcare workers.
When was Universal Precautions first introduced?
1987
What is Standard Precautions?
This takes the idea of universal precautions by OSHA but expands it to include all body fluids.
When was Standard Precautions first established?
1996
What constitutes the primary strategy to prevent the transmission of infectious agents not only to healthcare personnel but also to patients and hospital visitors?
Standard Precautions
What are the components of Standard Precaution?
Mask, Gown, Gloves, and protective barriers.
What is the major difference between OSHA and the CDC?
OSHA is a regulatory agency meaning things defined by universal precautions are enforceable as regulations. While, the CDC is not a regulatory agency and they issue guidelines.
What term is the correct term to use?
Standard Precautions
What term does the Western world still prefer to use?
Universal Precautions
Fulfilling the role of sonographer requires responsibility to who?
Yourself, department/facility, patients, and the profession.
What is the most important facet of being a sonographer?
The patient as the primary focus of your efforts.
What is Patient-Focused Care?
A national movement to ensure that every patient receives the best possible medical care.
What is the key term when it comes to patient-focused care?
Listening
What is the Institue of Medicine define patient-focused care as?
Providing care that is respectful of, and responsive to, individual patient preferences, needs and values, and ensuring that patient values guide all clinical decisions.
When did the American Hospital Association adopt the patient’s bill of rights?
1973
What is a Patient’s Bill of Rights?
This is a list of guarantees for those receiving medical care.
What did the AHA replace the bill of rights with in 2004?
The Patient Care Partnership: Understanding Expectations, Rights and Responsibilities.
What is “The Patient Care Partnership: Understanding Expectations, Rights and Responsibilities”?
Informs patients about what to expect during their hospital stay regarding their rights and responsibilities.
When will a patient most likely refuse an examination or procedure?
Inpatient
What does CPT stand for?
Current Procedural Terminology
What is Current Procedural Terminology?
a standardized 5 digit code to document and bill for medical services.
What is CPT maintained by?
American Medical Association or AMA
What are some reasons a patient may refuse an ultrasound?
They have had tests all day and are waiting for a visitor
What are some reasons a patient may refuse and examination
They have had tests all day and are waiting for a visitor
They want to talk to their physician
They are feeling ill.
What does HIPAA stand for?
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
What is the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act?
National standards to protect the health insurance covering for workers and their families when changing or losing their jobs and to protect individual medical records and other personal information.
When did HIPAA first get signed into law?
1996
What marked the first comprehensive federal protection for privacy of health information?
The HIPAA Privacy Rule
When did HIPAA privacy rule become effective?
April 14, 2003
What does PHI stand for?
Protected Health Information
What is Protect Health Information?
Any information about patients that may limit to, the name, date of birth, the address, phone number, e-mail account, social security number, medical record number, health status, or health insurance information.
True or False: HIPAA is just for hospitals and does not apply to any other healthcare facility or organization.
False
What are the 6 emotions a patient may feel when being diagnosed with an illness?
Denial, Anger, Anxiety, Fear, Grief, and Guilt.
What types of physical changes can anxiety have on a body?
Rapid pulse, increased blood pressure, increased respiration, headaches, nervousness, excessive perspiration, or rapid speech.
What is grief?
The process of adjusting to the reality of a loss.
What percentage is non-verbal when it comes to comforting a patient?
80%
What are vital signs?
these refer to the patient’s temperature, pulse, respiration, and blood pressure.
What is pulse?
The beat of the heart that can be felt as a vibration within the walls of the arteries.
Where is the most convenient site for taking the pulse?
Radial artery which is located on the thumb side of the wrist or the brachial artery in the elbow.
What does pulse rate refer to?
The number of beats per minute (bpm)
What does rythm refer to?
The time interval between beats.
What is the strength of a pulse?
The force of the beat. Described as either bounding or weak and thready.
What substances can cause a heartbeat rhythm to become irregular?
Coffee, tea, tobacco, and certain drugs.
What can cause a weak, thready pulse?
Shock and hemorrhage
What is the normal pulse rate in an adult?
60 to 100 beats per minute.
What is the normal pulse rate in a newborn infant?
120 to 160 beats per minute.
What is arrhythmia?
Any variation of a normal rhythm, including premature beats or palpitations.
What is tachycardia?
Abnormally rapid pulse rate greater than 100 beats per minute.
What is bradycardia?
Abnormally slow pulse rate, lower than 60 beats per minute.
How do you feel for pulse?
Gently compressing the skin over an artery until pulsations are felt.
How do you take an arterial pulse?
- Explain to patient that you need to take their pulse
- Place patients arm in a comfortable resting position.
- Locate the artery and place your fingertips over the artery and press firmly enough you can feel the pulsation.
- Count the beats of the pulse for 30 seconds, then multiply by 2 to obtain beats per minute.
- Note any irregularities.
What is respiration?
Oxygen and carbo dioxide exchange that occurs in the lungs.
How is breathing defined?
the expansion (inspiration) and contraction (expiration) of the lungs