Chapter 6 Chapter Summary Flashcards
Division
Distinguishing between different types of memory
Interaction
How the different types of memory interact
Long-term memory
An “archive” of information about past experiences in our lives and knowledge we have learned
________ coordinates with ________ to help create our ongoing experience
LTM; working memory
The primacy effect that occurs in the serial position curve has been linked to
LTM
The recency effect that occurs in the serial position curve has been linked to
STM
Where can visual and auditory coding occur?
In both STM and LTM
Semantic coding in STM
Demonstrated by Wickens by demonstrating release from proactive interference
Semantic coding in LTM
Demonstrated by Sachs using a recognition memory procedure
What is the predominant type of coding in STM?
Auditory coding
What is the predominant type of coding in LTM?
Semantic coding
Are STM and LTM caused by the same or different mechanisms?
Different, independent mechanisms; have seen a double dissociation
What does the hippocampus do?
Important for forming new long-term memories; brain imaging has shown that the hippocampus is also involved in holding novel information over short delays
The defining property of the experience of episodic memory
Mental time-travel (self-knowing or remembering)
Does the experience of semantic memory involve mental time travel?
No
Evidence supporting idea that episodic and semantic memory involve different mechanisms
- Double dissociation of episodic and semantic memory in patients with brain damage
- Brain imaging, which indicated that overlapping but different areas are activated by episodic and semantic memories
In what ways are episodic and semantic memories connected?
- Knowledge (semantic memory) can influence the nature of experiences that become episodic memories
- Autobiographical memories include both episodic and semantic components
Personal semantic memories
Semantic memories that are associated with personal experiences
Personal experiences can enhance the recall of…
Semantic information, except not in people who have lost their episodic memories due to brain damage
The remember/know procedure is based on the idea that __________ is associated with episodic memory, and ___________ is associated with semantic memory
Recollection; familiarity
Semanticization of remote memories
Over time, memories lose their episodic nature
What is the proposal for another function of episodic memory?
To help anticipate future needs and guide future behavior, both of which can be important for survival
Explicit memories
Memories we are aware of, such as episodic and semantic memories
Implicit memory
Occurs when learning from experience is not accompanied by conscious remembering
What are three events that involve implicit memory?
Procedural memory, priming, and classical conditioning
Procedural memory
Skill memory; has been studied in patients with amnesia who are able to learn new skills, although they do not remember learning them
Expert-induced amnesia
One outcome of the automatic character of procedural memories
There is evidence of a connection between procedural memory and semantic memories related to…
Motor skills
Priming
Occurs when the presentation of a stimulus affects a person’s response to the same or a related stimulus when it is presented later
What is an example of real-life implicit memory?
The propaganda effect
Classical conditioning
Occurs when a neutral stimulus is paired with a stimulus that elicits a response, so that the neutral stimulus then elicits the response
