Chapter 6 (Body Comp.) Flashcards
Body Composition
relative amounts of fat and fat-free tissues in the body
essential fat
necessary for body functioning
essential fat % (men & women)
3% men, 12% women
storage fat
located in adipocytes, insulates & protects body
High levels of what type of fat increase risk for diseases? Essential or Storage?
storage
creeping obesity
people slowly gaining weight throughout the years
Which region in the US has the highest BMI and obesity trends?
southeast
obesity
energy imbalance (Calories in > calories out)
How do social settings impact overeating?
eating in group setting = more calories consumed
unsafe neighborhoods = can’t play outside
chronic conditions of obesity
CVD, cancer, hypertension, kidney disease, arthritis, Type II diabetes
field methods for body composition
BMI, skinfold, waist-to-hip ratio
lab measures for body composition
DXA scan, air displacement, BIA
BMI ranges for normal and overweight
normal: <25
overweight: >30
Is BMI accurate for measuring body fat %?
no
waist-to-hip ratio is associated with…
risk of CV events
lipogenesis
fat generation
lipolysis
fat breakdown
What organ secretes insulin?
pancreas
What does insulin do?
forces skeletal muscles and liver to take in glucose & store fat (promotes lipogenesis, inhibits lipolysis)
In what order does body use up energy stores when exercising?
carbs, fats, proteins (last resort)
What are the 2 receptors in fat cells?
alpha receptors & beta receptors
alpha-receptor
slow fat release (a for alpha & anti-burn)
beta-receptor
fast fat release (b for beta & burn)
What hormone binds to the receptors in the fat cells?
epinephrine
Do easily toneable areas have more alpha or beta receptors?
beta
Do stubborn body fat areas have more alpha or beta receptors?
alpha
Are alpha receptors more sensitive to insulin?
yes, and since insulin promotes lipogenesis (fat storage), the fat in the area is stubborn
How do you activate beta receptors?
resistance training & high intensity training
