Chapter 6: Blood Flashcards
Items in blood transportation includes:
oxygen, nutrients, wastes, carbon dioxide, and hormones.
How does defense against invasion by pathogens work?
Some white blood cells phagocytize microbes and others produce antibodies
What do red blood cells move?
gases
What’s another name for white blood cells?
leukocytes
Where are white blood cells produced and what is their production regulated by?
produced in red bone marrow and regulated by colony-stimulating factor.
What is the function of WBC’s?
Phagocytize pathogens and cellular debris.
Types of white blood cells:
Granular leukocytes, agranular leukocytes
Name the types of granular leukocytes:
Neutrophil, Eosinophil, Basophil
Name the types of agranular leukocytes:
Lymphocyte, monocyte
What is the most abundant WBC and what is its characteristics?
Neutrophis. They have a multi lobed nucleus so they are called polymorphonuclear leukocyte. First responders to bacterial infection and engulf pathogens by phagocytosis. They also can leave the blood stream so they are found in lymph and interstitial fluid.
What two types of cells are lymphocytes?
B cells and T cells.
What do B cells do?
When mature, produce antibodies which mark a pathogen for destruction.
What do T cells do and where do they mature?
T cells directly destroy pathogens and mature in the thymus.
What do monocytes do?
In tissues, they develop into even larger macrophages which engulf pathogens, old cells, and debris.
Why is blood clotting important?
so that plasma and formed elements don’t leak out of broken vessels.
Why is blood clotting important?
so that plasma and formed elements don’t leak out of broken vessels.
Steps in the formation of a blood clot:
- Blood vessel is punctured.
- Platelets congregate and form a plug.
- Platelets and damages tissue cells release prothrombin, which initiates a cascade of enzymatic reactions.
- Fibrin threats form and trap red blood cells.
platelets convert into ___ which transforms into___
Prothrombin; thrombin
Thrombin converts fibrinogen to what?
Fibrin
Fibrin clot is temporary, what destroys the fibrin network so that the tissue cells can do what?
Plasmin destroys it so the tissue cells can grow to repair the vessel.
What escapes from the clot after tissue cells repair the vessel?
serum
Thrombocytopenia:
Too few platelets, excess bleeding. Not enough platelets being made in the bone marrow
Thromboembolism:
when thrombus forms, travels, and plugs to another vessel.
Blood types are determined by what?
proteins on the surface of RBC’s
