Chapter 6: Blood

Question 1

Items in blood transportation includes:

Answer 1

oxygen, nutrients, wastes, carbon dioxide, and hormones.

Question 2

How does defense against invasion by pathogens work?

Answer 2

Some white blood cells phagocytize microbes and others produce antibodies

Question 3

What do red blood cells move?

Answer 3

gases

Question 4

What’s another name for white blood cells?

Answer 4

leukocytes

Question 5

Where are white blood cells produced and what is their production regulated by?

Answer 5

produced in red bone marrow and regulated by colony-stimulating factor.

Question 6

What is the function of WBC’s?

Answer 6

Phagocytize pathogens and cellular debris.

Question 7

Types of white blood cells:

Answer 7

Granular leukocytes, agranular leukocytes

Question 8

Name the types of granular leukocytes:

Answer 8

Neutrophil, Eosinophil, Basophil

Question 9

Name the types of agranular leukocytes:

Answer 9

Lymphocyte, monocyte

Question 10

What is the most abundant WBC and what is its characteristics?

Answer 10

Neutrophis. They have a multi lobed nucleus so they are called polymorphonuclear leukocyte. First responders to bacterial infection and engulf pathogens by phagocytosis. They also can leave the blood stream so they are found in lymph and interstitial fluid.

Question 11

What two types of cells are lymphocytes?

Answer 11

B cells and T cells.

Question 12

What do B cells do?

Answer 12

When mature, produce antibodies which mark a pathogen for destruction.

Question 13

What do T cells do and where do they mature?

Answer 13

T cells directly destroy pathogens and mature in the thymus.

Question 14

What do monocytes do?

Answer 14

In tissues, they develop into even larger macrophages which engulf pathogens, old cells, and debris.

Question 15

Why is blood clotting important?

Answer 15

so that plasma and formed elements don’t leak out of broken vessels.

Question 15

Why is blood clotting important?

Answer 15

so that plasma and formed elements don’t leak out of broken vessels.

Question 16

Steps in the formation of a blood clot:

Answer 16

1. Blood vessel is punctured.
2. Platelets congregate and form a plug.
3. Platelets and damages tissue cells release prothrombin, which initiates a cascade of enzymatic reactions.
4. Fibrin threats form and trap red blood cells.

Question 17

platelets convert into ___ which transforms into___

Answer 17

Prothrombin; thrombin

Question 18

Thrombin converts fibrinogen to what?

Answer 18

Fibrin

Question 19

Fibrin clot is temporary, what destroys the fibrin network so that the tissue cells can do what?

Answer 19

Plasmin destroys it so the tissue cells can grow to repair the vessel.

Question 20

What escapes from the clot after tissue cells repair the vessel?

Answer 20

serum

Question 21

Thrombocytopenia:

Answer 21

Too few platelets, excess bleeding. Not enough platelets being made in the bone marrow

Question 22

Thromboembolism:

Answer 22

when thrombus forms, travels, and plugs to another vessel.

Question 23

Blood types are determined by what?

Answer 23

proteins on the surface of RBC’s

Question 24

Type A blood has the __ antigen. Type B has the _ antigen. Type AB has the ___ antigens. Type o has ____

Answer 24

A; B; A and B; none

Question 25

Type A blood makes ____ antibodies. Type B blood makes ____ antibodies. Type AB makes ____ antibodies. Type O makes ____ antibodies.

Answer 25

Anti B; Anti A; None; Both A and B

Question 26

Which blood type is the universal donor and which is the universal recipient?

Answer 26

Universal donor is type O, universal recipient is type AB.

Question 27

Crossmatch:

Answer 27

mixing small amounts of blood to test for agglutination.

Question 28

Anti Rh antibodies only develop in a person after they are:

Answer 28

exposed to the Rh factor.

Question 29

Hemolytic disease of a newborn:

Answer 29

When an Rh- woman gives birth to an Rh+ fetus, some Rh+ blood can leak from the fetus to the mother, causing the mother to make anti- rh antibodies. When the mother has a second fetus that is Rh+, these antibodies can cross the placenta and attack the fetus’s red blood cells which can lead to anemia, disabilities and death.

Question 30

To prevent the hemolytic disease of a newborn, what should happen?

Answer 30

the mother should receive an RhoGAM shot (anti-Rh antibodies) within 72 hours of giving birth to an Rh+ child.