Chapter 5: Cardiovascular System Flashcards
Pathway of vessels:
artery to arteriole to capillary to exchange to venuole to vein
Why is the heart a double pump?
The first pump drops off carbon dioxide and picks up oxygen. The second pump delivers oxygen to the rest of body.
Internal control of heartbeat:
SA node to AV node to AV bundle to Purkinje fibers.
Blood pressure decreases as it:
flows away from the heart.
Blood pressure is slowest in the capillaries to:
increase the exchange of gases , nutrients and wastes.
Blood pressure is very low in which blood vessel?
the veins
Venous return is dependent on how many factors, what are the factors?
3 factors. 1. Skeletal muscle pump. 2. Respiratory pump. 3. Valves present in veins.
How does the skeletal muscle pump work for blood pressure?
contracted skeletal muscle pushes past open valve. closed valve prevents backward flow of blood.
Name the two cardiovascular pathways and what each flows through:
Pulmonary circuit and systemic circuit. Pulmonary circulated blood through the lungs. Systemic circulates blood through body tissues/kidney
How many forces drive fluid in and out of capillaries and which forces do?
Two forces and blood pressure and osmotic pressure.
In the exchange of capillaries, blood pressure drives fluid:
out of the capillary at the arterial end of the capillary bed.
In the exchange of capillaries, osmotic pressure draws:
water into the capillary by osmosis, mostly at the venue end.
Hypertension:
high blood pressure of 140 or greater or a diastolic (low) pressure of 90 or greater.
Atherosclerosis:
buildup of atherosclerotic plaque in walls of blood vessels. Plaques narrow blood vessel diameter decreasing blood supply which can cause clots to form in roughened walls of arteries.
Stroke
occurs when cranial artery is blocked or bursts.