Chapter 10: Respiratory System

Question 1

Oxygen must ____ the Boyd and CO2 must ___ the body

Answer 1

Enter; leave

Question 2

During cellular respiration, cells use up ____ and produce ___

Answer 2

Oxygen; CO2

Question 3

Where does oxygen from the atmosphere go in the body?

Answer 3

It goes in the lungs then into the blood for transport.

Question 4

How many primary branches are there and list the names.

Answer 4

Two branches and there is primary bronchi and secondary bronchi.

Question 5

Where do these primary bronchi lead to and from?

Answer 5

Leads from the trachea and into the lungs.

Question 6

What does the primary bronchi branch into?

Answer 6

The secondary bronchi and they continue to branch until they are small bronchioles then lead to the alveoli.

Question 7

What type of connective tissue do bronchi have?

Answer 7

Cartilage but as they get smaller, it disappears.

Question 8

What does the bronchial tree include?

Answer 8

Larynx, trachea, primary bronchi on the right, secondary bronchi on the left.

Question 9

Bifurcation:

Answer 9

divides the two branches in the bronchial tree.

Question 10

During inspiration, air moves from atmosphere to:

Answer 10

the lungs through cavities and tubes.

Question 11

During expiration, air moves:

Answer 11

from the lungs to the atmosphere via cavities and tubes.

Question 12

Process of ventilation:

Answer 12

Cardiovascular system helps transport oxygen from lungs to the tissues. Then carbon dioxide comes from the tissues to the lungs.

Question 13

What parts does the upper respiratory tract include?

Answer 13

Nasal cavities, pharynx, glottis

Question 14

The nasal cavities are separated from eachother by a___? What is this composed of?

Answer 14

By a septum and it is composed of bone and cartilage.

Question 15

What filters the air to trap small particles?

Answer 15

Hair in nostrils.

Question 16

What are nasal cavities lined with?

Answer 16

Mucous membranes.

Question 17

What does the submucosa do?

Answer 17

Contains capillaries the help warm and moisten incoming air.

Question 18

Air in the nasal cavities pass into the what?

Answer 18

nasopharynx, which is the upper portion of the pharynx.

Question 19

What parts does the lower respiratory tract include?

Answer 19

Trachea, bronchial tree, and lungs.

Question 20

What are the trachea walls reinforced by and what do they do?

Answer 20

C-Shaped cartilaginous rings which prevent the trachea from collapsing.

Question 21

C Shape allows espohagus to:

Answer 21

expand into the trachea while swallowing.

Question 22

What type of cells in the trachea lined with?

Answer 22

pseudostratfied ciliated columnar epithelium and goblet cells.

Question 23

What is the opening of the trachea called?

Answer 23

The larynx.

Question 24

How is mucus moved and where is it moved toward in the lower respiratory tract?

Answer 24

the cilia and is moved toward the pharynx.

Question 25

What does the trachea connect?

Answer 25

the larynx to the primary bronchi.

Question 26

Name the three portions of the pharynx:

Answer 26

Nasopharynx, oropharynx, a nd laryngopharynx.

Question 27

What does the pharynx connect?

Answer 27

the nasal and oral cavities to the larynx.

Question 28

What does the larynx house?

Answer 28

the vocal cords which are mucosal folds supported by elastic ligaments.

Question 29

The slit between the vocal cords is called:

Answer 29

glottis

Question 30

Boyle’s Law:

Answer 30

Pressure tends to increase as volume decreases. Pressure and volume have inverse proportion.

Question 31

Inspiration process:

Answer 31

Diaphragm contracts, ribcage moved upward and outward. Increase in volume.

Question 32

What is breathing controlled by?

Answer 32

nervous system and certain chemical

Question 33

Respiratory control system is located in the:

Answer 33

brain

Question 34

When CO2 enters the blood, what does it form and how?

Answer 34

it forms an acid combining with water.

Question 35

Acid gives off___ and these ___ do what in the blood?

Answer 35

Hydrogen ions and they decrease ph in blood.

Question 36

2 sets of chemoreceptors can do what to breathing? Name 2 chemoreceptors.

Answer 36

It can cause breathing to speed up. One set is medulla oblongata and the other is carotid bodies.

Question 37

Chemoreceptors respond to:

Answer 37

CO2 levels in blood.

Question 38

When CO2 begins accumulating in blood, what happens to the ph?

Answer 38

It decreases.

Question 39

External respiration involves which organ?

Answer 39

the lungs

Question 40

Externa respiration involves exchange of:

Answer 40

gases between lung alveoli and blood capillaries.

Question 41

Partial pressure is higher in:

Answer 41

lung capillaries than the air, thus, CO2 diffuses out of the blood and into the lungs.

Question 42

Most of CO2 s carried in:

Answer 42

plasma as bicarbonate ions (HCO3-)

Question 43

Carbonic Anhydrase:

Answer 43

enzyme that speeds the breakdown of carbonic acid in red blood cells.

Question 44

Pulmonary capillary blood is low in ___ and alveolar air has a higher partial pressure of ___. Therefore, ____ diffuses into the blood in the lungs.

Answer 44

Oxygen, oxygen, oxygen

Question 45

Hemoglobin takes up oxygen and becomes:

Answer 45

oxyhemoglobin (HBO)2

Question 46

Internal respiration is the exchange of gases in which vessels and cells?

Answer 46

systemic capillaries and tissue cells.