Chapter 6: bali 1 and 2

Question 1

Forms of throwing:

Answer 1

Underhand (1 or 2 hand)
Sidearm
Overarm (1 or two hand)

Question 2

Assessment of throwing:

Answer 2

Outcome: accuracy, distance, ball velocity

Movement Pattern: developmental sequences

Question 3

What is a ballistic skill?

Answer 3

Performer applies force to an object to project it

E.g throwing kicking striking

Question 4

Early overhand throwing:

Answer 4

Young children's arm patterns during throwing (especially under 3 years il) tend to be: 
Restricted to arm action alone 
Elbow up 
Throw executed by elbow extension alone 
no steps

Question 5

proficient overhand throwing

Answer 5

Simplified:
Forward step, pelvic rotation
Upper spine rotation and upper arm swing (windup)
Upper arm inward rotation and elbow extension
Release
Follow through

Question 6

Block rotation:

Answer 6

rotation of the upper and lower units of the truck as a unit

Question 7

Differentiated truck rotation:

Answer 7

the lower trunk rotates forward, while the upper trunk is rotating backwards (or still preparing to rotate forward)

Question 8

Some Characteristics are best observed from the front or the back of throwing:

Answer 8

Truck to upper arm angle
Elbow angle
Lateral trunk bend

Question 9

Others are best observed from the side:

Answer 9

The step
Trunk rotation
Upper arm and forearm

Question 10

Throwing for Distance vs. Accuracy causes?

Answer 10

Boundaries in most sports

Question 11

Kicking:

Answer 11

A kick is a ballistic strike of an object from the foot

Question 12

Characteristics of Early Kicking

Answer 12

Similar to throwing
Unskilled kickers tend to use a single action instead of a sequence of actions
A beginner kicker will simply push the leg forward
Arms usually up at sides (not helping oppositional movement)

Question 13

Proficient:

Advanced Kicking:

Answer 13

Preparatory winduo, running up to the ball
Uses sequential movements of the kicking leg
Knee straightens just before contact with the ball (to increase radius of the kicking leg)
Kicking leg continues forward even after contact in the follow-through
Swings the kicking leg through full range of motion at the hip
Uses the arms in opposition to the legs

Question 14

Observing kicking patterns:

Answer 14

To give adequate instruction on kicking:
From the side:
Placement of the support foot
Range of motion and precontact extension in the kicking leg 
Range of trunk motion 
Arm opposition

Question 15

Punting:

Answer 15

Is a form of kicking, where the ball is dropped from the individuals hand before impact with the foot

Question 16

Early Punting:

Answer 16

Characteristics of early punting:
Tends to toss the ball up instead of dropping the ball
Often will release the ball after the support leg contacts the ground
Child may not take a step
Arms drop to the sides
Either rigidly extend the kicking-leg or bend knee, kicking the ball with a flexed leg
Ball contacts toes instead of instep, resulting in an unpredicted punt
Ball is tossed up rather than dropped
Punter often contacts ball with toes rather than instep

Question 17

Proficient Punting:

Answer 17

Extend the arms forward with the ball; dropping it as the final leg stride is taken
Move the arms to the side after releasing the ball, now use the arms in opposition with legs
Leap onto the supporting leg and swing the punting leg vigorously up to contact the ball, so that the body leaves the ground with a hop of the supporting leg
Keep the kicking leg knee nearly straight and the toes pointed at the time of contact

Question 18

Sidearm Striking:

Answer 18

is a form of striking where the arm remain at or below shoulder level
Swinging a baseball bat

Question 19

Why might striking be difficult for infants?

Answer 19

Striking involves more different perceptual judgment, being able to hit a moving target is limited in early childhood (i.e t-ball)

Question 20

Characteristics of early striking:

Answer 20

Similar to throwing
Child will “chop” at the oncoming ball
Extend elbow
Not very much truck and leg movement

Question 21

Characteristics of proficient striking:

Answer 21

Stepping into the hit 
Applying linear force to the strike 
Differentiated trunk rotation 
Swinging through full range of motion 
Contact, follow through

Question 22

Developmental changes in sidearm striking:

Answer 22

Grip changes from “power grip” to “shake hands grip

Changes from using solely upper body to including the lower body

Question 23

Overarm striking:

Answer 23

Is a form of striking where the arm treves above the shoulder level
E.g, tennis serve

Question 24

Early overarm striking:

Answer 24

Limited pelvic and spinal movement 
Elbow stays bent 
Arm and racter swing together 
Ball contact is low 
(early tennis players i.e)

Question 25

Proficient overarm striking:

Answer 25

Trunk rotation occurs
Racket lags begins arm during forward swing
Ball contact is higher

Question 26

Developmental sequence in overarm striking: preparatory phase (trunk action)

Answer 26

Step 1: no trunk action or flexion and extension
step 2: minimal trunk rotation (<180 degrees)
step 3: total trunk rotation (>180 degrees)

Question 27

Developmental sequence in overarm striking: elbow action

Answer 27

step 1; angle is 20 degrees or less or greater than 120 degrees
step 2: angle is 21 to 89 degrees
step 3; angle is 90 to 119 degrees

Question 28

Developmental sequence in overarm striking: spinal range of motion:

Answer 28

step 1: spine (at shoulders) rotates through less than 45 degrees
step 2: spine rotates between 45 to 89
step 3: spine rotates more than 90

Question 29

Developmental sequence in overarm striking: pelvic range of motion

Answer 29

step 1: pelvis rotates through less than 45 degrees
step 2: pelvis rotates between 45 to 89
step 3: pelvis roates more than 90 degrees

Question 30

Developmental sequence in overarm striking: racket action

Answer 30

step 1: no racket lag
step 2: racket lag
step 3: delayed racket lag (and upward extension)

Question 31

what is the Assessment of Ballistic Skills good for?

Answer 31

Useful for things like intervention, research and coaching

Question 32

Test of Gross Motor Development-3 (TGMD-3)

Answer 32

A trained administrator demonstrate the skill, one practice trial is permitted, and the 2 trails of the skill are recorded