Chapter 3: motion 1 and 2

Question 1

Explain Moving against gravity:

Answer 1

to move yourself or objects, we must produces force, A stionalry person or object will not move until some force is applied to it

Question 2

Newton’s 1st law

Answer 2

Newton’s 1st law: an object at rest stays at rest, or an object in motion stays in motion, until acted on by a force

Question 3

Newton’s second law:

Answer 3

Newton’s second law: the acceleration of a person or object is proportional to the force applied to it and inversely proportional to its mass. F = ma

Question 4

Newton’s Third law:

Answer 4

Newton’s Third law: the law of action-reaction, states that for every force you exert on an object, the object exerts an equal force back on you in the opposite direction
Momentum: P=mv
Pbefore = Pafter

Question 5

Oppositional Movements:

Answer 5

When arms and legs swing opposite
Toddler pushes down on feet and no oppositional movement, usually walk wide foot and arms up to help with balance
Kid in jungle gym, feet start propelling him forwards, starting to develop oppositional movement (bent arms, swinging elbows and shoulders

Question 6

Force Absorptions:

Answer 6

Is the process of decreasing the force of an impact between two objects
Reduce risk of stress and musculoskeletal injury
Can absorb force by the muscles during contractions (create the same opposite amount)

Question 7

Elastic collisions:

Answer 7

A collision where there is no loss of kinetic energy (newtons cradle)

Question 8

Inelastic collisions

Answer 8

Part of the kinetic energy is changed to some other form of energy in the collision (car crash, thermal energy for example)

Question 9

Linear velocity = ?

Answer 9

Linear velocity = radius x rotational velocity

Question 10

Limb rotation and projected object”

Answer 10

Rotational velocity of a limb causes linear velocity of an object once released

Question 11

How can we throw a ball faster?

Answer 11

More rotational velocity by changing technique 
Longer arm at release 
Wind up (smaller initial limb length takes less energy to initiate movement -law of inertia 
Use more complete range of motion to increase benefits of the contractile properties of the recruited muscles

Question 12

Closed Kinetic

Answer 12

Movement are constraints at the distal end of the segment

squatting , push ups

Question 13

Open kinetic Chain

Answer 13

Movements are unconstrained at the distal end of the segment
kicking , bench press
Segments are free and not fixed to solid object of surface (hands and feet)

Question 14

Balance

Answer 14

the ability to maintain equilibrium

Question 15

Stability:

Answer 15

The strength to endure, to develop forces that restore the original condition
Powerlifting, golf, (sports that require a strong base of support)

Question 16

Schmidt’s theory of motor control

Answer 16

People construct generalized motor programs by exploring programming rules, and learning the ways that certain movements are related, understand movement outcomes based on parameters

Question 17

For Schmidts theory: The relationship between the parameters and outcomes are collected in two schemes or schema what are they?

Answer 17

Recall schema: related outcomes to parameters (i.e movement duration, force production)

Recognition schema: related expected sensory consequences of a movement to the movements outcome

Question 18

Error Detection and Correction:

Carr (1997) five-step process

Answer 18

1. Observe the complete skill
2. Analyze each phase and its keys elements
3. Use your own knowledge of mechanics in your analysis
4. Select errors to be corrected
5. Decide on appropriate methods for the correction of errors