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Ancient Civ > Chapter 6: Ancient Greece > Flashcards

Chapter 6: Ancient Greece Flashcards

1
Q

Was Greek’s land good for farming?

A

No, there was poor soil and no major river system

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2
Q

What were the two Aegean Civilizations?

A

Minoan and Achaean

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3
Q

What was Achaean Civilization also called?

A

Mycenean

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4
Q

Where was Minoan civilization located?

A

Knossos, Crete

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5
Q

Who discovered the Minoan palace?

A

Sir Arthur Evans in 1898

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6
Q

What are frescos?

A

artwork painted on wet plaster while it dries, retains color longer

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7
Q

What did the Minoans worship?

A

Bulls were sacred, believed the Gods loved bulls.

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8
Q

What was Minoan language?

A

Linear A

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9
Q

What was Mycenaean language?

A

Linear B

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10
Q

Who wrote the Iliad and the Odyssey?

A

Homer

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11
Q

Who founded Sparta?

A

the Dorians

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12
Q

Who founded Athens?

A

Achaean migrants

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13
Q

What was the Hellas Age?

A

the blending of Dorian and Achaean cultures

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14
Q

What were the Dorians like?

A

warlike, illiterate warriors

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15
Q

What did the Dorians do to the Greeks/Helens (Achaeans)

A

Forced them to flee to Asia Minor, where they developed into Athens

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16
Q

What does polis mean?

A

“city”

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17
Q

What is the chora?

A

Land around the city

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18
Q

What is an acropolis?

A

Hilltop fortress that served as a city-center

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19
Q

What was the agora?

A

A place for markets and debates

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20
Q

What was Greece’s geography perfect for?

A

Trade

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21
Q

How were the gods depicted in Greek culture?

A

Had strengths and weaknesses, were like humans but more superior

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22
Q

What are myths?

A

stories about gods and adventures

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23
Q

What was Mount Olympus?

A

Home of the gods

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24
Q

Who were Oracles?

A

A priestess who could communicate with the gods, predict fate and fortune.

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25
Q

What was Delphi?

A

the “Center of Greece,” home to the most famous oracle. People would make pilgrimage to Delphi to discover their fate.

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26
Q

What were the Olympics?

A

Athletic competitions held to honor Zeus

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27
Q

What were some awards of winning the Olympics?

A

Free meals, money, an olive branch, lifelong fame and honor, choice of marrying an heiress.

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28
Q

What were enslaved people called in Sparta?

A

Helots (outnumbered the Spartans)

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29
Q

Who were ephors?

A

Overseers

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30
Q

What was a Spartan soldier called?

A

Hoplite

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31
Q

What was Spartan culture like?

A

War-based, no interest in education or knowledge, produced no culture, people were focused on becoming physically tougher. Life revolved around fighting and battle. Women had a good amount of freedom, children were put to death if they were sickly or weak.

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32
Q

What was Athens also called?

A

“Nursery of Western Civilization”

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33
Q

Who was a citizen in Athens?

A

Men who owned land

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34
Q

Who were metics?

A

People who moved to Athens from other city-states for economic purposes

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35
Q

Who were slaves in Athens?

A

People owned by other people.

36
Q

Why does democracy come to Athens?

A

1) voice
2) merchant/middle class
3) poor

37
Q

Who was Draco?

A

Wrote Draconian Law

38
Q

What was Draconian Law?

A

A code with very strict and harsh laws, where many crimes were punishable by death. Had little trust in people.

39
Q

Who was Solon?

A

A king who abolished slavery and cared about people other than just nobles. Favored by many people.

40
Q

Who was Pisistratos?

A

Known as the Benevolent Despot. Achieved public works, provided pension for veterans, and increased trade.

41
Q

Who was Cleisthenes?

A

Created the Athenian assembly an randomly selected leaders for each region. Increased the level of democracy.

42
Q

What is ostracism?

A

to get rid of certain people who are a threat to Athens. (were voted out)

43
Q

Who was Pericles?

A

Led the Golden Age, payed people to be in office, allowed the poor to be on juries, built the Parthenon and the Acropolis. Promoted art to flourish.

44
Q

Was Athens a true democracy?

A

No, but it was a good start. It was not a true democracy because there was slavery, women could not vote, and there was a large number of non-citizens who did not have a say.

45
Q

What empire was the biggest threat to Greece?

A

Persia, the world’s super power at the time.

46
Q

What was the Delian League?

A

Created during the Golden Age in which Athens tries to unite 140 city-states under the common threat of Persia. Athens takes money from all these city-states and then uses it to make Athens more beautiful. This angers the other city-states.

47
Q

Who won the Peloponnesian war?

A

Sparta, since Athens was dying of plague. However, Sparta chooses not to destroy Athens and kill the Athenians after winning.

48
Q

What happens after Sparta defeats Athens?

A

They are overthrown by Thebes.

49
Q

What happens to Greece as a whole after the Peloponnesian war?

A

Greece faces poor, weak leadership. The city-states war against each other.

50
Q

What was the Hellenistic Age?

A

The spreading of Greek culture

51
Q

What was the Hellenic age?

A

Development of Greek culture

52
Q

What was a phalanx?

A

A rectangular formation of soldiers with spears, attacked in “waves” of rows.

53
Q

Who was Phillip II of Macedon?

A

Rich king of Macedonia who conquered Greece when it was weak. Admired Greek culture. Developed new military techniques such as the phalanx and invented long-distance catapults and crossbows.

54
Q

How did the Greeks view the Macedonians?

A

Viewed them as barbaric

55
Q

Who was Alexander the Great?

A

Son of Phillip II, military was a part of his life since a young age. Makes army bigger, expands empire. Conquers Persia, Egypt, and towards India.

56
Q

Who was Pythagoras?

A

Developed the pythagorean theorem, expands discipline of geometry.

57
Q

Who was Euclid?

A

“Father of geometry”

58
Q

Who was Hipparchus?

A

1st person to use trigonometry, calculated the sun and moon distances and an accurate length of the year.

59
Q

Who was Archimedes?

A

Developed physics; lever, pulley, gears, studied gravity, spheres, cylinders, cones, geometry, bizarre weapons, “Eureka, I found it”

60
Q

Who was Thales?

A

Believed the universe is governed by natural laws, all life comes from water and needs water.

61
Q

Who was Eratosthenes?

A

Geographer, believed earth is round, calculates earth circumference

62
Q

Who was Aristarchus?

A

Believed that the earth revolves around the sun

63
Q

Who was Herophilus?

A

Physician, human biology; nervous system, blood is important

64
Q

What was the Library of Alexandria?

A

Center of world’s education at the time

65
Q

Who was Ptolemy?

A

Collects all written documents he can find, “wrong science”

66
Q

Who was Strabo?

A

Geographer; first main map of Europe, Africa, and India used for centuries

67
Q

Who was Hippocrates?

A

physician; path, father of medicine

68
Q

Who was Aristotle?

A

“all around” thinker, studied everything. One of the foremost thinkers in history.

69
Q

Who was Hero?

A

developed bizarre gadgets

70
Q

Who was Pedanius?

A

“Father of pharmacy”

71
Q

Who was Phidias?

A

famous sculptor who sculpted statues of Zeus and Athena

72
Q

Who was Praxiteles?

A

famous sculptor known for his life-like, human-like statues of the gods and Greek people

73
Q

What did Greek paintings depict?

A

1) humans
2) pride in city-state
3) ideal/harmony
4) beauty + usefulness

74
Q

What was a drama?

A

Made to honor Dionysus, stories involving a hero struggling with fate

75
Q

Which writer was famous for his fables such as the Tortoise and the Hare?

A

Aesop

76
Q

Who was Herodotus?

A

“Father of history”

77
Q

Who was Thucydides?

A

“First scientific historian,” less biased than Herodotus

78
Q

What does “philosopher” mean?

A

“lover of wisdom”

79
Q

Who was Socrates?

A

A teacher who wanted people to question why people do the things they do. Promoted youth to question authority and learn through inquiry and critical analysis.

80
Q

Who was Plato?

A

Questioned what is real and invisible. Known for the Allegory of the Cave, was a student of Socrates and based his ideas off of him.

81
Q

What did Aristotle accomplish?

A

Created the basis for the scientific method. Used logic and reasoning to come up with conclusions.

82
Q

What is Sophism?

A

Developed by Protagoras; belief that there is no eternal truth, all things are relative.

83
Q

What is Epicureanism?

A

Developed by Epicurus; seem pleasure in life, YOLO

84
Q

What is Stoicism?

A

Developed by Zeno; let it be, work hard

85
Q

What is cynicism?

A

Developed by Diogenes; live a simple life, no trust in people

Ancient Civ (6 decks)

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