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Ancient Civ > Chapter 5 - Ancient China > Flashcards

Chapter 5 - Ancient China Flashcards

1
Q

What were some natural barriers of China?

A

Mountains, (Himalayas) Plateaus, oceans, deserts

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2
Q

How fast did China develop?

A

Because of it’s natural barriers and geographic location, China developed more slowly than other nations

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3
Q

Why is the Huang He called the Yellow River?

A

It has a yellow tint from it’s fertile yellow soil called loess

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4
Q

What is the nickname of the Huang He river and why is it called that?

A

Called “The river of sorrows” because the excess soil caused destructive flooding.

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5
Q

What were two major crops of Ancient China?

A

Wheat and rice

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6
Q

What are the main contributions of the Shang Dynasty?

A

Writing and bronze

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7
Q

What is animism?

A

The belief that everything has a soul or spirit

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8
Q

What were oracle bones?

A

When people communicated with spirits or ancestor by inscribing questions onto the bones of dead animals.

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9
Q

What is a dynasty?

A

Ruled by a king or emperor that comes from a continuous family

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10
Q

What is the most important contribution of the Zhou dynasty?

A

The use of iron

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11
Q

What was the Mandate of Heaven?

A

An ancient Chinese philosophical concept that determines if an emperor is virtuous enough to rule. It gave rulers a moral obligation to rule wisely, because if they did not, they would lose the right to rule.

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12
Q

Who founded the Qin dynasty?

A

Shi Huangdi, a harsh ruler who established an autocracy in which he had total control. Had a strong army and ruled using legalism.

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13
Q

What is legalism?

A

a political philosophy focusing on harsh laws and untrustworthiness of people

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14
Q

Who ruled using legalism?

A

The first Qin emperor, Shi Huangdi

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15
Q

Which dynasty lasted for the shortest amount of time?

A

Qin

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16
Q

Which dynasty lasted for the longest amount of time?

A

Han

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17
Q

What are the main contributions of the Qin dynasty?

A

Establishing a strong central government and a uniform system of writing and measures

18
Q

What are the main contributions of the Han dynasty?

A

Paper and porcelain, establishment of the Silk Road

19
Q

Who was Wu Di?

A

Longest ruling Han emperor who:

  • established a civil service system
  • began an economic policy called leveling
  • established the Pax Sinica and helped expand trade
20
Q

What is leveling?

A

When the government bought surplus commodities when prices fell and sold them when prices rose.

21
Q

What is the Civil Service system?

A

Administers day-to-day business of government.

22
Q

What was the Pax Sinica?

A

A time in which trade flourished peacefully along the Silk Road

23
Q

Who founded the Han dynasty?

A

Lui Bang

24
Q

Who was Confucius?

A

A famous and well-respected teacher, philosopher, and political theorist?

25
Q

What books did Confucius’ followers write about his teachings?

A

The Analects

26
Q

What are the five relationships of Confucianism?

A

1) king-subject
2) father-son
3) man-wife
4) older-younger brother
5) friend-friend

27
Q

What were Confucius’ ideas/visions?

A

Confucius believed in virtue and envisioned a world without political disorder. His wisdom became a part of Chinese culture such as filial piety.

28
Q

What is filial piety?

A

Unconditional love and respect for parents

29
Q

What are the Chinese dynasties in order?

A

1) Shang
2) Zhou
3) Qin
4) Han

30
Q

Who was the founder of Daoism?

A

Laozi

31
Q

What book presented a way of life focused on harmony and tranquility?

A

the Dao De Jing, one of Laozi’s biggest accomplishments

32
Q

What are the main ideas of Daoism?

A

The idea of the “Dao” or “Way of nature.” The Dao was an indescribable that governed the universe and all of nature

33
Q

What does Yin and Yang symbolize?

A

The dualism and two-sidedness of nature

34
Q

What does Yin and Yan represent respectfully?

A

Yin (female) represents darkness and passiveness of nature

Yang (male) represents light and activeness of nature

35
Q

What is acupuncture?

A

The placement of needles into acupuncture points in the body to relieve pain and create balance within the body

36
Q

What kind of society was Ancient China?

A

Patriarchal

37
Q

What is ancestor worship?

A

The belief that deceased family members have a continued existence and take interest in the living world. The Chinese had home alters where they worshipped daily and left offerings. They believed that their ancestors could influence the fortune of the living.

38
Q

What is calligraphy?

A

Writing as an art form

39
Q

What was China called?

A

The land under heaven

40
Q

Which dynasty established the use of iron?

A

Zhou

Ancient Civ (6 decks)

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