chapter 6: anatomy and function of the kidney and liver

Question 1

the kidneys

Answer 1

-sit at about the level of your belly button
-about the size of a fist
- most people have 2
- a POSTERIOR position
- sitting closer to the back of your body

Question 2

Anatomy of kidneys

Answer 2

• outer region of kidney is called the renal cortex
• the inner or middle region is called the medulla

Question 3

renal columns

Answer 3

• connective tissue extensions
• radiate downward from the cortex through the medulla
• separate the renal pyramids and renal papillae

Question 4

renal pyramids

Answer 4

• 6-8 cone shaped tissue in the medulla
• contain collecting ducts and the loops of henle

Question 5

the papillae

Answer 5

-transports urine
- made by nephrons
- lead to the calyces of the kidneys for excretion

Question 6

renal hilum

Answer 6

-the entry and exit site for structure servicing the kidneys
- vessels, nerves, lymphatics, and ureters
- medial- facing hila ( face inwards)
- tucked into the sweeping convex outline of the cortex

Question 7

Renal pelvis

Answer 7

• Chambers of kidney through which urine pass
• emerges from the hilum
• formed from the major in minor calyces in the kidney

Question 8

Renal arteries

Answer 8

• formed directly from the descending aorta
• divides into segmental arteries
• divides into interlobar arteries
• divides into arcuate arteries
• divide into cortical radiate arteries
• form a afferent arterioles
• afferent arterioles service about 1.3 million nephron in each kidney

Question 9

Nephron

Answer 9

• situated between the renal cortex and the medulla
• dances between the cortex and the medulla
  - depends on whether it’s absorbing or filtering

Question 10

The renal veins

Answer 10

• return cleanse blood directly to the inferior vena cava

Question 11

The kidney function is to :

Answer 11

• maintain homeostasis
  
  • keeping everything the way it should be

Question 12

Nephrons Continued

Answer 12

• filtration of waste and absorption of nutrients takes place
• consist of capillary beds and tubules
• receive blood from Afferent arteriole
• afferent arteriole meets the glomerulus

Question 13

glomerulus

Answer 13

• loopy capillary structure
• at the end of loops where it becomes efferent arteriole
• main site for filtration
• pushes out fluid from blood received
  
  • filtrate
• remaining blood not pushed out continues efferent arteriole
• filtrate enters “ bowman’s capsule”

Question 14

Bowman capsule

Answer 14

-filtrate enters tubules of the nephron
- where we begin to see absorption of nutrients

Question 15

Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)

Answer 15

• after Bowman’s capsule
• becomes the loop of henle

Question 16

Loop of Henle

Answer 16

• has two limbs
• descending limb
  -divides deep into the kidney
  -only allows the re-absorption of water
• ascending limb
  
  • rises up
    -allows the reabsorption of nutrients

Question 17

Distal convoluted tubule(DCT)

Answer 17

• takes way to collecting tubule or the collecting duct