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PVT 115 > Chapter 1: The Red Blood Cell & Blood Vessels > Flashcards

Chapter 1: The Red Blood Cell & Blood Vessels Flashcards

1
Q

What does the pulmonary circuit do?

A

Transport blood to and from the lungs

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2
Q

What does the Systemic Circuit do?

A

Transport oxygenated blood to the tissues of the body & returns deoxygenated blood and CO2 to the heart

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3
Q

What does the right ventricle do?

A

Pumps deoxygenated blood into the pulmonary arteries

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4
Q

Pulmonary arteries

A

FLOW TOWARD LUNGS
-include the pulmonary trunk artery
-bifurcates
-left and right
-flow to pulmonary capillaries
-gas exchange occurs
-co2 exits and o2 enters

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5
Q

Pulmonary Veins

A

FLOW FROM LUNGS
-receive highly oxygenated blood from pulmonary capillaries
-empties blood into the left atrium

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6
Q

What does the left atrium do?

A

pumps the blood into the left ventricle

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7
Q

What does the left ventricle do?

A

-pumps oxygenated blood into the aorta

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8
Q

Systemic Arteries

A

lead to systemic capillaries

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9
Q

Systemic Capillaries

A

unite to form venules

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10
Q
A
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11
Q

Venules

A

empty into the systemic veins

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12
Q

Systemic Veins

A

return blood to the right atrium

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13
Q

What is the right atrium responsible for?

A

bringing blood back to the right ventricle

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14
Q

What is the blood made up of?

A

red blood cells, white blood cells & platelets

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15
Q

primary function of the blood

A

-deliver oxygen & nutrients
-remove waste
-Red blood cells primarily responsible for this function

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16
Q

Erythrocyte

A

-most common element of blood
- 7-8 micrometers
-pick up inhaled oxygen from the lungs
pick up some CO2 waste

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17
Q

More erythrocyte facts

A

-biconcave disk
-plump at their periphery
-very thin at center
-contain hemoglobin

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18
Q

Hemoglobin

A

-large molecule made up of proteins and iron

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19
Q

Globin

A

-protein found in hemoglobin
- 4 folded chains
-bound to red pigment molecule called Heme

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20
Q

Heme

A

-contains an ion of iron
-each can bind to one O2 molecule
-can transport 4 oxygen molecules

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21
Q

Hemoglobin

A

-300 million hemoglobin molecules per RBC
-1 RBC can bind to and transport 1.2 billion oxygen molecules

22
Q

More hemoglobin facts

A

-pick up oxygen in the lungs
Oxyhemoglobin
-travels to the body’s tissues
releases O2 based on need
Deoxyhemoglobin

23
Q

CO2 waste removal

A

-CO2 binds to amino acids in hemoglobin
-Carbaminohemoglobin
-carries CO2 back to the lungs
-CO2 released

24
Q

Important of RBCs

A

-Anemia- insufficient RBCs
-Polycythemia- overproduction of RBCs
-Increased viscosity (thickness) of blood
-difficult for the heart to circulate blood

25
Blood vessels
-artery -arterioles -capillaries -venule -veins
26
Artery
-carries blood away from the heart -flows into the arterioles
27
Arterioles
-smallest arteries -branch into tiny capillaries
28
Capillaries
-nutrient and wastes are exchanged -empties into venules
29
venules
-small blood vessels -carry blood to a vein
30
veins
return blood back to heart
31
Vessel Lumen
hollow passageway where blood flows
32
Arteries and Arterioles
-thicker walls -closer to heart -high pressure flow -smaller lumens -maintains higher pressure flow -more rounded lumens
33
Venules and Veins
-thinner walls -lower pressure flow -larger lumens -more flow -less resistance
34
Vasa Vasorum
-nourishment -removes waste -small vessels within vessel walls -"vessels of the vessel"
35
Nervi Vasorum
-minute nerves within vessel walls -controls contraction and dilation of smooth muscle
36
3 Layers of vessel walls
-tunica intima -tunica media -tunica adventitia
37
Tunica Intima
-innermost layer -endothelial cell lining with connective tissue beneath it -layer of cells in contact with the blood
38
Tunica Media
-middle layer -strong muscular layer -thickest component of an arterial wall -composed mainly of smooth muscle cells circularly arranged around the vessel -has varying amounts of elastic fibers and collagen
39
Tunica Adventitia
-outermost layer of a blood vessel -in contact with tissue surrounding the vessel -composed of: -connective tissue -nerve fibers -small vessel capillaries vasa vasorum
40
Arteries
-moves blood away from the heart -has the thickest walls -withstands HBP -thickest walls closer to heart -high percentage of elastic fibers in all 3 tunics
41
Arteriole
-very small artery -leads to a capillary -same 3 tunics as larger arteries *thickness is greatly diminished* -critical in slowing down(resisting) blood flow
42
Arterioles pt 2.
-"resistance vessels" -primary resistance to oncoming flow -regulates blood pressure -muscle fibers are normally slightly contracted -maintain a consistent muscle tone -vascular tone
43
Diameter of Lumen
-determined by neural and chemical controls -causes vasoconstriction and vasodilation
44
Capillary
-microscopic channel *PERFUSION* -blood supplied to tissues *GAS EXCHANGE -delivery of O2 -collection of CO2
45
Capillary pt 2.
-5-10 micrometers - (size of a single cell) Microcirculation
46
Capillary walls
-consists of an endothelial layer -surrounded by basement membrane -occasional smooth muscle fibers
47
Venule
-extremely small vein -receives blood from capillaries -multiple venules join to form veins
48
Venule Wall
-endothelium -thin middle layer with few muscle cells and elastic -outer layer of connective tissue fibers -very thin tunica externa
49
Where do veins flow?
toward the heart
50
Vein facts
-thin-walled vessels with large and irregular lumens *LOW PRESSURE VESSELS* *LARGER VEINS COMMONLY EQUIPPED VALVES* -promote unidirectional flow -prevent backflow toward capillaries
51
Veins are considered blood reservoirs
-high composition -ability to distend (expand) readily -stores a high volume of blood -contain ~64% of the blood volume at any given time - capacitance vessels

PVT 115 (5 decks)

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