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PVT 115 > Chapter 3 Upper& lower extremity vessels, digital vessels, and microcirculation > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Upper& lower extremity vessels, digital vessels, and microcirculation Flashcards

1
Q

Subclavian Artery

A
  • runs laterally and downwards
  • becomes axillary artery at the outer border of first rib
  • arches above the Clavicle : infront of lung apex, behind the scalenus anterior muscle
  • 4 branches
    1. vertebral
    2. thyrocervical
    3. internal thoracic (AKA internal mammary)
    4. costocervical arteries
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2
Q

Axillary artery

A
  • travels along the shoulder to the upper arm
  • becomes brachial after giving off 7 branches
    1. superior artery
    2. thoracic artery
    3. thoracoacromial artery
    4. lateral thoracic artery
    5. subscapular artery
    6. anterior and posterior humeral artery
    7. thoracodorsal artery
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3
Q

brachial artery

A
  • courses down upper arm
  • ends 1cm to bend of elbow
  • continuation of the axillary artery
  • divides into the radial and ulnar arteries
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4
Q

Antecubital fossa

A
  • anterior to elbow
  • triangular region
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5
Q

radial artery

A
  • originates from the brachial artery
  • travels down lateral side of the forearm into hand
  • in the hand
    - gives off a branch
    - forms the superficial palmer arch
    - terminates into the deep palmer arch
    - joins the deep branch of the ulnar artery
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6
Q

ulnar artery

A
  • originates from the brachial artery
  • travels down the medial side of the forearm into hand
  • in the hand
  • gives off the deep palmar branch
    • forms the deep palmer arch
      - terminates in the superficial palmer arch
      - joins branch of the radial artery
  • predominant source of blood flow to the hand
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7
Q

Superficial palmer ( volar) arch

A
  • consist of :
    • deep palmer branch of ulnar artery
    • distal portion of the radial artery
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8
Q

deep palmar (volar) arch

A
  • consist of:
    • deep palmar branch of ulnar artery
    • distal portion of the radial artery
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9
Q

digital arteries

A
  • arise from palmar arches
  • extend into the fingers
  • divide into lateral and medial branches
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10
Q

common femoral artery

A

-begins just distal of the inguinal ligament
- divides into:
- superficial femoral artery
- deep femoral artery ( profunda femoris)

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11
Q

superficial femoral artery. pt1

A
  • runs the length of the thigh
  • enters the popliteal fossa behind the knee
  • becomes the popliteal artery at the hunters canal
    • adductors canal(hunters)
      - created by the confluence of quadriceps and adductor muscles in distal thigh
      - a channel for the femoral vessels
      - many refer to this as the adductor hiatus
      - the gap in the adductor Magnus muscle
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12
Q

superficial femoral artery. pt2

A
  • deep femoral artery: lateral side, deep, close to femur
  • large CFA branch
  • arises 5cm from inguinal ligament
  • can act as a collateral connection
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13
Q

popliteal artery

A
  • distal continuation of SFA
  • begins just distal to the hunters canal
  • branches into:
    • gastrocnemius arteries
    • several genicular branches
      - supplies muscle, knee joint, and skin
      - can act as collateral connections
    • anterior tibial artery
    • tibiopernoneal artery
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14
Q

Anterior tibial artery (ATA)

A

-arises between the tibia and fibula and lower portion of the popliteus muscle
- first branch of distal popliteal artery
- passes superficial to the interosseous membrane
- runs deep in the front of the leg
- anterior to the interosseous membrane
- distally
- courses the anterior to tibia
- becomes DPA (doralis pedis artery)

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15
Q

doralis pedis artery (DPA)

A
  • begins as ATA passes infant of the ankle joint
  • more superficial
  • traverses dorm of foot toward base of first toe
  • on dorsum of the foot
    • forms 2 branches:
      - first dorsal metatarsal artery
      - deep plantar artery
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16
Q

deep plantar artery

A
  • penetrates the soles of the foot
  • unites with the lateral plantar artery
    • completes the plantar arch of the foot
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17
Q

tibioperoneal trunk

A
  • second branch of distal popliteal artery
  • quickly gives rise to:
    • posterior tibial artery
    • peroneal artery
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18
Q

posterior tibial artery

A
  • extends down the posterior and medial side of the leg
  • divides into the :
    • medial and lateral plantar arteries in the foot
      - below the medial malleolus
      - supplies sole of foot
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19
Q

peroneal artery

A
  • extends down the lateral side of the leg
  • passes toward fibula and travels down medial side
  • supplies structures in the lateral leg and calcanea region of foot
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20
Q

plantar arch

A

-consist of:
- DEEP PLANTAR ARTERY
- branch of the dorsals pedis artery
- LATERAL PLANTAR ARTERY
- branch of the posterior tibial artery

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21
Q

dorsal metatarsal arteries

A
  • supplied from the plantar arch
  • distribute blood into the digits
22
Q

arterioles

A
  • smallest arteries
  • resistance vessels
    • help regulate blood flow by contracting and relaxing
23
Q

capillaries. pt1

A
  • vessels of the microcirculation
  • about a mm long
  • 8-10 microns in diameter
    • about the same as a red blood cell
  • steady flow with LOW velocity
  • walls consists of endothelial cells
    • layers are one cell thick
  • vast networks with a surface area of 1.5 acres
24
Q

capillaries. pt2

A
  • supplied by arterioles
    • transport gases, nutrients, and other essential substances
  • A MOST VITAL PART OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
  • where nutrient and waste products are exchanged
    • maintains constancy of the internal environment
  • all other circulatory components exist to serve capillary beds
25
Q

deep digital veins

A

-deep lower extremity vein

26
Q

metatarsal veins

A

-deep lower extremity vein

27
Q

deep venous arches

A

-deep lower extremity vein

28
Q

lateral leg

A
  • paired peroneal veins
  • formed a common trunk in proximal leg
29
Q

posterior leg

A
  • paired posterior tibial veins
  • form a common trunk in proximal leg
30
Q

tibiopernoneal trunk

A
31
Q

anterior-lateral leg

A
  • paired anterior tibial veins
  • form a common trunk in proximal leg
  • joins tibiopernoneal trunk just below the knee
    -forms the popliteal vein
32
Q

a pair deep veins of the calf accompany arteries

A
  • venae comitantes
  • corresponding veins
33
Q

soleal veins/ sinuses

A
  • large muscular veins
  • empty to soleal muscles
    - drain into the PTVs and Pero Vs
34
Q

gastrocnemius veins

A
  • large muscular veins
    -paired with an accompanying artery
  • form a common trunk in proximally
  • empty the gastrocnemius muscles
    - drain into the popliteal vein
35
Q

popliteal vein

A
  • lies behind knee
  • popliteal fossa (knee pit)
  • comes femoral vein at the adductors canal (hunters canal)
    - opening in distal thigh muscle
36
Q

femoral vein

A
  • runs along medial thigh
  • sometimes duplicated (-50%)
  • confluences with the deep/ profunda femoral vein
    - forms the common femoral vein
37
Q

deep femoral/ profunda femoris vein

A
  • course close to the femur
  • very deep
  • important collateral pathway
38
Q

common femoral vein

A
  • lies in the groin region
  • becomes the external iliac vein
    - just above the inguinal ligament
39
Q

external iliac vein

A
  • continues until its confluence with the internal iliac vein
  • becomes the common iliac vein
40
Q

internal iliac veins

A
  • drain the pelvic region
41
Q

common iliac veins

A
  • right and left confluence to form the IVC
    • level of the 5th lumbar
  • LCIV passes beneath RCIA
    - creates significant pressure point
    - may account for increased LCIV DVT
    - May-Thurner syndrome
42
Q

Inferior vena cava

A
  • continues to the right atrium of the heart
43
Q

anatomic variations of deep veins

A
  • duplicate femoral vein
  • duplicate popliteal vein
44
Q

cranial course of one ATA

A
  • does not confluence with the TPT below knee
  • gives the appearance of a duplicate popliteal vein
45
Q

great saphenous vein. pt1

A
  • formed from digital veins in foot
  • longest vein in the body
  • medially courses from dorm of the foot to groin
  • confluences with CFV
    • saphenofemoral junction (SFJ)
  • found within the saphenous/ superficial compartment
    • between saphenous fascia and muscular fascia
46
Q

great saphenous vein. pt 2

A
  • duplicate GSVs/ portions frequently seen
  • drains a number of veins near SFJ
    • anterior accessory saphenous
    • posterior accessory saphenous
    • superior external pudendal
    • superficial epigastric
    • saphenous opening/ fossa ovalis
47
Q

accessory saphenous veins

A
  • lie outside the saphenous compartment
  • more superficial
48
Q

small saphenous veins

A
  • ascends the back of leg
  • confluences with the popliteal vein
  • cranial extensions may be encountered
    • alternate confluences
    • coins the GSV via posterior thigh circumflex vein
      - formerly called vein of Giaconmini
49
Q

Intersaphenous veins

A
  • veins that connect GSV and SSV
  • may be in calf or thigh
50
Q

perforating veins

A
  • vessels that pierce the muscular fascia
    • aponeurosis
    • fascial covering the muscle
  • form connections between superficial and deep veins
  • have accompanying perforations arteries
  • ## help maintain efficient blood movement from superficial to deep

PVT 115 (5 decks)

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