Chapter 6 - Anatomical Positions And Directions Flashcards
What is the Anatomical Position?
Eyes, head and toes facing forward
+ Arms by the side (not raised) with palms facing forward
+ Heels and toes together
Medial
Closer to the midline
Lateral
Further away from the midline
What is the midline/median plane?
Imaginary line that splits the body head to toe into 2 halves.
The ulna is ___________ to the radius
Medial
The lung is __________ to the sternum
Lateral
Proximal
Closer to the centre (i.e. torso)
Distal
Further away from the centre (i.e. torso)
Superior
Closer to the head
Inferior
Further away from the head
Cranial
Closer to the head
Coming from cranium = skull
Caudal
Further away from the head
Coming from caudal bone = tail bone in the hips.
Anterior
Front side of the body
Posterior
Back side of the body
Ventral
Front side of the body
Dorsal
Back side of the body
Transverse plane
Divides the body to upper part (superior) and lower part (inferior)
Horizontal plane
Divides the body to upper part (superior) and lower part (inferior)
Sagittal plane
Divides the body into right and left parts
Coronal plane
Divides the body to anterior part (ventral) and posterior part (dorsal)
Frontal plane
Divides the body to anterior part (ventral) and posterior part (dorsal)
Ab-
Away from
Ad-
Towards | near
Endo- | En-
Inside | within
Exo-
Away from | out
Infra-
Below | Beneath
Meso-
Middle
Para-
Near | Beside
Peri-
Around
Supra-
Above
Abduction
Movement away from the midline
Adduction
Movement towards the midline
Endocrine
Secreting inside
Exocrine
Secreting outside
Infracardiac
Beneath the heart
Mesonasal
Middle of nose
Parametric
Near the uterus
Periglottic
Around the tongue
Suprahepatic
Above the liver
The left lung is ___________ to the sternum because it is further away from the medial plane.
Lateral
The sternum is anterior to the vertebral column, therefore the vertebral column is ____________ to the sternum.
Posterior
The heart is ___________ to the stomach
Superior
What is the torso?
It is the trunk of the human body excluding the appendages and the head.
Alternative names for the torso?
Trunk
Center
Point of origin
Point of attachment
What is the condition for comparing body parts using “proximal” and “distal”?
The body parts should be on the same appendage/limb.
Can superior/inferior be interchanged with proximal/distal?
Superior/inferior can be used in place of proximal/distal.
Proximal/distal CAN NOT be used in place Superior/inferior.
The 4 pairs of directions (medial/lateral, proximal/distal, superior/inferior and anterior/posterior) are used for _______________
External anatomy of organs
The 3 planes are _________ to one another.
Perpendicular
The 3 planes are used to describe __________ anatomy of organs.
Internal
A plane that divides the body at an angle to the transverse and sagittal planes is called
Oblique plane
The sagittal plane can be divided into ________ planes which are:
- _______________
- _______________
The sagittal plane can be divided into 2 planes which are:
- Midsagittal plane: divides the body into 2 equal parts.
- Parasagittal plane: divides the body into 2 unequal parts.
The area which is closer to the point of attachment is called
Proximal
This term means located above another structure
Superior
This medical term means situated close to the tail
Caudal
This term divides the body body into cranial and caudal parts
Transverse plane
This term means towards the side of the body
Lateral
Prone
Sleeping on the stomach
Facing towards the ground
Supine
Sleeping on the back
Facing towards the ceiling
This term means towards the midline
Medial
