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Cellular Biology 201 UNCW > Chapter 6: A tour of the cell > Flashcards

Chapter 6: A tour of the cell Flashcards

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1
Q

What groups are primarily involved in synthesizing molecules needed by the cell?

A

Ribosomes, Rough Endoplasmic reticulum, and smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

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2
Q

Cell motility, which includes changes both in cell location and in the movement of cell parts, require interactions of the cytoskeleton _____________.

A

with motor proteins

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3
Q

Cells are small because ____________.

A

of the geometric relationship between surface and volume

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4
Q

Evidence that supports the prokaryotic origins of mitochondria and chloroplasts are all of the following except:

A. That mitochondria and chloroplast are somewhat independent within a cell.

B. That mitochondria and chloroplasts have multiple copies of linear DNA molecules associated with their inner membranes.

C. That mitochondria and chloroplasts can grow and reproduce within a cell.

D. That mitochondria and chloroplasts have multiple copies of circular DNA molecules associated with their membranes.

E. That the ancestral prokaryote had two outer membranes, which became the double membranes of the mitochondria and chloroplasts.

A

B. That mitochondria and chloroplasts have multiple copies of linear DNA molecules associated with their inner membranes.

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5
Q

A substance moving from outside the cell into the cytoplasm must pass through ___________.

A

Plasma membrane

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6
Q

Which of the following is false in respect to cells’ chromosomes?

A. Chromosomes are only visible as a cell is about to divide.

B. Chromosomes are present throughout a cell’s reproductive cycle.

C. Chromosomes exist even when cells are not actively synthesizing proteins.

D. Chromosomes contain DNA and proteins.

A

A. Chromosomes are only visible as a cell is about to divide.

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7
Q

Animal cells have unique organelles called _________ that are composed of structures called ___________.

A

centrosomes; centrioles

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8
Q

Observing a fluorescent micrograph cell with intermediated filaments would help you identify the cell as a ___________.

A

Human Skin Cell

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9
Q

Which of the following is present in a prokaryotic cell?

A. Nuclear envelope

B. ER

C. Ribosomes

D. Chloroplast

E. Mitochondrion

A

C. Ribosomes

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10
Q

The function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) is _____________.

A

to synthesize proteins that are secreted as glycoproteins.

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11
Q

________________ are membrane-bound metabolic compartments that specialize in the production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and it’s conversion to water.

A

Peroxisomes

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12
Q

Cell junction in plant cells are called _______ and communicating junctions in animal cells are called _______.

A

plasmodesmata; gap junctions

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13
Q

Your intestine is lined with individual cells. No fluids leak between these cells from the gut into your body. Why?

A

The intestinal cells are bound together by tight junctions.

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14
Q

The walls of plant cells are largely composed of polysaccharides and proteins that are synthesized _________.

A

in the rough endoplasmic reticulum and in the golgi apparatus

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15
Q

Microfilaments function in cell motility including __________.

A

muscle contraction, amoeboid movement, and cytoplasmic streaming in plants

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16
Q

The network of fibers that organizes structures and activities in a cell __________.

A

is the cytoskeleton

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17
Q

The organelle that is a plant cell’s compartment for the storage of inorganic ions such as potassium and chloride is the ____________.

A

central vacuole

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18
Q

Cilia and flagella move due to the interaction of the cytoskeleton with which of the following?

A

Motor proteins

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19
Q

In terms of cellular function, what is the most important difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

A

Eukaryotic cells are compartmentalized, which allows for specialization.

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20
Q

what component of the extracellular matrix does an animal cell not have?

A

a middle lamella

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21
Q

You would expect a cell with an extensive Golgi apparatus to ______________.

A

secrete a lot of protein

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22
Q

Bacterial cells are prokaryotic. Unlike a typical eukaryotic cell they ______________.

A

Have not membrane-bound organelles in their cytoplasm

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23
Q

Which of the statements about the cytoskeleton is true?

A

Components of the cytoskeleton often mediate the movement of organelles within the cytoplasm.

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24
Q

Dye injected into a plan cell might be able to enter and adjacent cell through _____________.

A

plasmodesmata

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25
Q

What is the functional connection between the nucleolus, nuclear pores, and the nuclear membrane?

A

Subunits of ribosomes are assembled in the nucleolus and pass through the nuclear membrane via the nuclear pores.

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26
Q

The endosymbiont theory explains the origins of _______________.

A

mitochondria and chloroplasts

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27
Q

The endoplasmic reticulum is part of the endomembrane system, which also includes the ___________________.

A

nuclear envelope, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and vesicles

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28
Q

The region of a bacterial cell that contains the genetic material is called the ________________.

A

Nucleoid

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29
Q

Basal bodies are closely associated what cell component.

A

Cilia

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30
Q

A protein that ultimately functions in the plasma membrane of the cell is most likely to have been synthesized _____________.

A

in the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

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31
Q

Which of the following is the smallest biological structure that would most likely be visible with a standard research-grade microscope?

A

Chloroplast

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32
Q

Which of the following is the most appropriate technique for observing the three-dimensional structure and organization of microvilli on an intestinal cell?

A

Scanning electron microscope

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33
Q

What is the surface appendage that allows a bacterium to stick to a surface?

A

Fimbriae

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34
Q

What is the function of a bacterium’s capsule?

A

Protection

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35
Q

The DNA-containing region of this bacterial cell is indicated by what letter?

A

D

The Nucleoid region contains DNA for Bacteria

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36
Q

Where is a bacterial cell’s DNA found?

A

Nucleoid region

Bacteria lack a nucleus; their DNA is found in the nucleoid region.

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37
Q

In a bacterium, where are proteins synthesized?

A

Ribosomes

Ribosomes are involved in the manufacture of polypeptides (Proteins)

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38
Q

What name is given to the rigid structure, found outside the plasma membrane, that surrounds and supports the bacterial cell?

A

Cell Wall

The cell wall is a rigid supporting structure.

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39
Q

The ____________ is the bacterial structure that acts as a selective barrier, allowing nutrients to enter the cell and wastes to leave the cell.

A

Plasma membrane

The plasma membrane is selectively permeable.

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40
Q

The structure that regulates the passage of material into and out of this bacterial cell is indicated by what letter?

A

C

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41
Q

What clue would tell you is a cell is prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

A

Whether or not the cell is generally partitioned by internal membranes.

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42
Q

Which of the following correctly matches an organelle with its function?

A. Nucleus with cellular respiration

B. Central vacuole with storage

C. Mitochondrion with photosynthesis

D. Lysosomes with movement

E. Ribosomes with manufacture of lipids

A

B. Central vacuole with storage

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43
Q

What structure is common to plants and animal cells?

A

Mitochondrion

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44
Q

Which of the following is present in a prokaryotic cell?

A. Chloroplast

B. Nuclear envelope

C. Mitochondrion

D. Ribosome

A

D. Ribosomes

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45
Q

A newly discovered unicellular organism isolated from acidic mine drainage is found to contain a cell wall, a plasma membrane, two flagella, and peroxisomes. Based on this information only, what is the organism is likely to be?

A

A motile eukaryote

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46
Q

Beginning with the nucleus, the first step leading to the synthesis of a polypeptide is ______________.

A

Transferring of information from DNA to messenger RNA.

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47
Q

What organelle plays a role in intracellular digestion?

A

Lysosome

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48
Q

Which of the following statements about the endomembrane system is correct?

A

Proteins that will be secreter from the cell are likely to be found in closed spaces bounded by membranes of the endomembrane system.

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49
Q

What structure is part of the endomembrane system?

A

Golgi apparatus

50
Q

The liver is involved in detoxification of many poisons and drugs. Which of the following structures is abundant in liver cells and primarily responsible for detoxification processes?

A

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

51
Q

Tay-Sachs disease is a human genetic disorder that results in cellular accumulation of very large, complex, undigested lipids. What organelle is most likely defective in Tay-Sachs disease?

A

The Lysosome

52
Q

Mitochondria are found in _______________.

A

Plan and animal cells

53
Q

What is a common trait of chloroplasts and mitochondria?

A

They both contain their own DNA

54
Q

The cilia and flagella cells are composed of ________.

A

Microtubules

55
Q

Choose the letter that indicates the organelle that contains most of a cell’s DNA.

A

C

56
Q

What organelle carries out cellular respiration?

A

Mitochondrion

57
Q

Which of these is the double membrane that encloses the nucleus?

A

E

58
Q

The _________ is composed of DNA and protein.

A

Chromatin

59
Q

Ribosomal subunits are manufactured by the ____________.

A

nucleolus

60
Q

___________ are the sites of protein synthesis.

A

Ribosomes

61
Q

Which of these organelles manufactures proteins bound for secretion out of the cell?

A

Rough Endoplasmic reticulum

62
Q

The __________ is a selective barrier, regulating the passage of material into and out of the cell.

A

Plasma membrane

63
Q

Where is calcium stored?

A

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

64
Q

Which of these structures stores, modifies, and packages products?

A

A

65
Q

What are hollow rods that shape and support the cells?

A

Microtubules

66
Q

_________ is/are identical in structure to centrioles.

A

Basal bodies

67
Q

What organelle produces H2O2 as a byproduct?

A

Peroxisome

68
Q

Which of these provides the cell with structural support?

A

D Cytoskeleton

69
Q

What is not associated with the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells?

A

Movement of RNA molecules from the nucleus to the cytoplasm

70
Q

Cyanide binds with at least one protein complex involved in producing ATP. If a cell exposed to cyanide, most of the bound cyanide is likely to be localized with what organelle?

A

Mitochondria

71
Q

A young child who suffers from a metabolic disease is always tired and fatigued. What organelle is most likely malfunctioning in the diseases?

A

Mitochondria

72
Q

What organelles are in plant cells only?

A

Chloroplast, Cellulose cell wall, and Central Vacuole

73
Q

What organelle is in animal cells only?

A

Centriole

74
Q

What organelles are found in both plan and animal cells?

A

Mitochondrion, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, nucleus, cytoskeleton, plasma membrane

75
Q

What is a function of plant cell wall?

A

strong, protective structure made from cellulose fibrils

76
Q

What is a function of central vacuole?

A

regulates cytoplasm composition, creates internal pressure, and stores cell compounds

77
Q

What is a function of chloroplast?

A

Makes sugar by converting light energy into chemical energy.

78
Q

What is a function of mitochondrion?

A

Produces chemical energy (ATP) that can power the cell

79
Q

What is a function of Golgi apparatus?

A

Modifies and packages proteins.

80
Q

What is true for Chloroplasts?

A

They are the sies of reactions that convert solar energy into chemical energy.

They contain the green pigment chlorophyll.

They have membranous sacs called thylakoids that are surrounded by fluid called stroma.

81
Q

What is the function of A

A

Synthesizes lipids

82
Q

What is the function of B

A

Assembles Ribosomes

83
Q

What is the function of C

A

Defines cell shape

84
Q

What is the function of D

A

Produces secretory proteins

85
Q

What is the function of E

A

Modifies and sorts proteins

86
Q

What is the function of F

A

Digests proteins

87
Q

What is the function of G

A

Generates ATP

88
Q

What cell structures are found only in prokaryotic cells?

A

Nucleoid

89
Q

What cell structures are found only in eukaryotic cells?

A

Nucleolus, mitochondria, and lysosome

90
Q

What cell structures are found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

A

Plasma membrane, ribosomes, and flagella

91
Q

In eukaryotic flagella, the fibers that slide past one another due to the activity of dynein proteins are ________.

A

Microtubules

92
Q

Many cell organelles, most notably the nucleus, are anchored by ________________ which are assembled from a diverse class of proteins.

A

Intermediate filaments

93
Q

Centrosomes are sites where proteins dimers assemble into _____________.

A

Microtubules

94
Q

The extension of pseudopodia in amoeba is due to the regulated assembly and destruction of ____________.

A

Microfilaments

95
Q

The only cytoskeleton fibers not associated with intracellular movement or whole cell locomotion are the __________________.

A

Intermediated filaments

96
Q

During muscle contractions, myosin motor proteins move across tracks of ______________.

A

Microfilaments

97
Q

What correctly describes the nuclear envelope of a eukaryotic cell?

A

The nuclear envelope is continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum

98
Q

What is true about extracellular structures? (plant cell walls and the extracellular matrix of animal cells)

A

Infromation can be transmitted from these extracellular structures to the cytoplasm.

99
Q

Which of the following is the smallest biological structure that would most likely be visible with a standard research-grade microscope?

A

Chloroplast

100
Q

Which of the following is the most appropriate technique for observing the three-dimensional structure and organization of micro Villa on an intestinal cell?

A

Scanning electron microscopy

101
Q

Which of the following structures is common to plant and animal cells?

A

Mitochondrion

102
Q

A newly discovered unicellular organism isolated from acidic mine drainage is found to contain a cell wall, a plasma membrane, two flagella, and peroxisomes. Based on this information only, the organism is most likely to be ___________________.

A

A Motile eukaryote

103
Q

The liver is involved in detoxification of many poisons and drugs. Which of the following structures is abundant in liver cells and primarily responsible for detoxification process?

A

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

104
Q

Tay-Sachs disease is a human genetic disorder that results in cellular accumulation of very large, complex, undigested lipids. Which of the following organelles is most likely defective in Tay-Sachs disease?

A

The lysosome

105
Q

Cyanide binds with at least one protein complex involved in producing ATP. If a cell is exposed to cyanide, most of the bond cyanide is likely to be localized within which of the following organelles?

A

Mitochondria

106
Q

A young child who suffers from a metabolic disease is always tired and fatigued. Which of the following organelles is most likely malfunctioning in this disease?

A

Mitochondria

107
Q

Which structure is part of the endomembrane system?

A

Golgi apparatus

108
Q

Mitochondria and found in _________________.

A

Plant and Animal Cells

109
Q

Which of the following is a common trait of chloroplasts and mitochondria?

A

Both contain their own DNA

110
Q

Which of the following functions is NOT associated with the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells?

A

Movement of RNA molecules from the nucleus to the cytoplasm

111
Q

Which statement correctly describes the nuclear envelope of a eukaryotic cell?

A

The nuclear envelope is continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum.

112
Q

A cell has formed a food vacuole as it ingested a food particle. Which of the following events is associated with the breakdown of that food particle?

A

Digestion of the food particle occurs in a vesicle enclosed by a membrane that separates the digestion from the cytoplasm

113
Q

One basic difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is that eukaryotes ________________.

A

Have a nucleus

114
Q

Which of the following has the job of breaking down materials?

A

Lysosome

115
Q

The structure where cell products are packaged is the _________________.

A

Golgi apparatus

116
Q

Which part of the cell membrane is hydrophilic?

A

Phosphate heads

117
Q

True of false: The nuclear envelope is more permeable than the cell membrane.

A

True

118
Q

Which of the following is prokaryotic?

A

Bacteria

119
Q

The organelle that makes proteins is the _________________.

A

Ribosome

120
Q

Where in a human cell would you find genes?

A

Nucleus

121
Q

Which of the following can be found in cell membranes?

A

Phospholipids, proteins, and cholesterol

Cellular Biology 201 UNCW (11 decks)

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