chapter 6 Flashcards
electromagnetic radiation
characterised by its wavelength and frequency
Wavelength
the distance between a given point on a wave and the corresponding point on the next cycle of the wave
frequency
the number of waves that pass by a given point per unit time
what happens when a metal is heated
when metal is heated at high temperatures electromagnetic radiation is emitted with wavelengths depending on the temperature used
quantization
certain energies are accepted
Photoelectric effect
electrons are emitted from the surface of a metal when light shines on it only if the frequency of the light is high enough
describe the movement of electrons during the photoelectric effect
electrons move from the negative side ( anode) to the positive side( cathode)
photons
packets of energy, the energy of each photon is directly proportional to the frequency of radiation defined by planks equation
particle wave duality
the idea that electromagnetic radiation has particles of both wave and particle
line emission spectrum
the light of exited atoms is composed of only a few wavelengths of light
Balmer series
the four visible lines in the spectrum of hydrogen atoms
describe the bohr model of the hydrogen atom
there are certain orbitals corresponding to specific energy levels where the laws or classic physics do not apply as long as the electron occupies one of the energy levels , the system is stable
ground state
an atom with its electrons at the lowest possible energy levels
exited state
an atom with its electrons at the highest possible energy levels
how does the value of n relate to the energy of the electron
as the value of n increases the distance from the nucleus increases and the energy of electrons increases
Broglie’s hypothesis
an electron can be described as a matter wave
standing wave
only certain matter waves are possible for electrons in an atom
heisenberg uncertainty principle
for a particle as small as an electron it is impossible to accurately tell both its position and energy
probability density
the probability of fin finding an electron around a specific point
nodal surface
a point where the probability of finding an electron is zero
d orbitals
have two cone shaped nodal surfaces
f orbitals
has 3 cone shaped nodal surfaces
