Chapter 2 COPY

Question 1

Atomic Number

Answer 1

The number of protons in a nucleus of an atom

Question 2

Mass Number

Answer 2

The sum of the number of protons and neutrons in an atom

Question 3

Isotopes

Answer 3

Atoms of the same element with the same atomic number but different mass numbers

Question 4

Groups or families

Answer 4

Vertical columns in which elements with similar physical and chemical properties are found

Question 5

Periods

Answer 5

Horizontal rows on the periodic table

Question 6

Name four properties if metals

Answer 6

• electricity conductors
• ductile
• malleable
• good heat conductors

Question 7

the main feature that distinguishes metals from non metals

Answer 7

Non metals cannot conduct electricity

Question 8

Metalloids or semimetals

Answer 8

An element with some of the physical properties of a metal and some of the chemical properties if a non metal

Question 9

Give the properties of alkali metals (4)

Answer 9

• solids at room temperature
• reactive compounds
• only found in nature combined in compounds
• react with water to produce alkaline substances

Question 10

Give the properties of alkali earth metals

Answer 10

• only occur naturally in compounds

- most of their oxides form alkaline substances

Question 11

Allotropes

Answer 11

Different forms of non metals each having their own properties

Question 12

Nitrogen fixation

Answer 12

how to make compounds from atmospheric nitrogen

Question 13

what happens to elements in the same group as oxygen?

Answer 13

all elements in the same group as oxygen form oxygen and sodium containing compounds

Question 14

Give the properties if halogens

Answer 14

• most reactive of all elements

- all combine violently with alkali metals to form salts

Question 15

State the property of noble gases that relates to their group name

Answer 15

least reactive group of elements

Question 16

lanthanides

Answer 16

the two bottom rows at the bottom of the periodic table that are often referred to as” rare earth metals”

Question 17

Molecular formula

Answer 17

describes the composition of molecule particles

Question 18

condensed formula

Answer 18

shows how certain atoms are grouped together,

Question 19

binary compounds

Answer 19

formed from combinations of non- metals

Question 20

Ions

Answer 20

Atoms or groups of atoms that bear a negative or positive charge

Question 21

describe the general pattern of the formation of ions in the periodic table

Answer 21

• groups 1A to 3A form cations according to their group number
• transitional metals form several ions\
• groups 4a to 7a form anions according to their group number minus eight

Question 22

polyatomic ions

Answer 22

two or more atoms that have an electrical charge

Question 23

rules regarding the naming of anions

Answer 23

• ide is added to the end of monoatomic non metal
• oxoanions with a large number of oxygen atoms are given the suffix -ate
• oxoanions with a smaller number of oxygen atoms are given the suffix - ite
• oxoanions that contain hydrogen begin with hydrogen

Question 24

Electrostatic forces

Answer 24

forces of attraction or repulsion between ions

Question 25

State two conditions in which the electrostatic forces between ions increase

Answer 25

• when the ion charges increase

- as the distance between the ions becomes smaller

Question 26

give the reason for most ionic substances forming “hard” solids

Answer 26

the ions form a lattice structure, and the strong forces of attraction between the ions make the structure rigid.