Chapter 1 Flashcards
kinetic molecular theory
All substances consist of extremely tiny particles that are constantly in motion
Arrangement of particles in solids
packed close together, in a regular pattern vibrate in fixed position
Arrangement of particles in liquids
Arranged randomly and can move past each other
Arrangement of particles in gases
far apart from each other move extremely fast collide with each other and other container
how does temperature relate to the energy of particles
the higher the temperature, the higher the energy of particles and the more the movement
kinetic energy
the energy of motion of particles
what role does kinetic energy play?
kinetic energy overcomes the forces of attraction between particles
pure substance
a fixed composition that cannot be further purified
Compounds
a substance made of elements united in fixed ratios
mixture
A substance that is made of more than one pure substance, and the composition of these pure substances can be varied
heterogeneous mixture
a mixture consisting of uneven textures that can often be spotted by the naked eye, the composition is non uniform
homogeneous mixture
a mixture consisting of two or more substances in the same phase, the composition is uniform
Element
Substances consisting of only one type of atom
Atom
the smallest particle of an element that contains the characteristic chemical properties of an element
molecule
one or more atom held together by chemical bonds
law of definite proportion or law of constant proportion
A compound has a fixed composition of its containing elements
physical properties
properties that can be observed or measured without changing the chemical composition of a substance
density
The ratio of the mass of an object to its volume
Malleability
Whether a solid can be bent into different shapes
Ductility
Whether a solid can be drawn into a wire
viscosity
how easily a liquid flows
Extensive Properties
Depend on the amount of a substance present ( mass and volume)
Intensive Properties
Do not depend on the amount of a substance present ( boiling point and density)
Physical change
Changes in Physical properties, atoms and stay the same
Chemical change
Change where one or more substances are transformed into one or more different substances
most important principle of chemical change
matter is conserved
kinetic energy
Energy associated with motion( thermal and mechanical)
Potential Energy
Energy resulting from an objects position or state
Law of conservation of energy
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, the total energy of the universe is constant
