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MICROBIO > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

1
Q

What is an obligate?

A

A microbe that requires something for growth

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2
Q

What is facultative

A

A microbe that does not require something for it growth but can have it.

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3
Q

Psychrophiles

A

cold loving

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4
Q

Mesophiles

A

moderate-temp loving

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5
Q

Thermophiles

A

heat loving

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6
Q

At what temp. is usual range of growth ?

A

30C

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7
Q

What is a psychrotroph?

A

food spoilage, slowly degrade food

- mold ,slime, bad food smell/color

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8
Q

What pH do bacteria prefer?

A

6.5-7.5

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9
Q

What pH do acidophils prefer ?

A

4

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10
Q

Mold and yeast optimal pH?

A

5-6

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11
Q

What is plasmolysis?

A

shrinkage of cell

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12
Q

What is an extreme halophile?

A

grow in high salt concentrations

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13
Q

Obligate halophiles?

A

require high salt concentration to grow

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14
Q

Facultative halophiles?

A

don’t require but can grow at high salt concentrations

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15
Q

Elements that microorganism needs to survive?

A

Carbon
Nitrogen
Sulfur
Phosphorous

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16
Q

Aerobes?

A

use oxygen in energy reactions

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17
Q

Anaerobes?

A

don’t use oxygen in energy reactions

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18
Q

Obligate aerobes?

A

require oxygen to live

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19
Q

Facultative anaerobes

A

use oxygen but can grow without, fermentation or anaerobic respiration

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20
Q

Obligate anaerobes

A

can’t use oxygen for energy for reactions

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21
Q

Aerotolerant anaerobes?

A

can’t use oxygen for growth but can tolerate

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22
Q

Microaerophiles

A

require oxygen in small amounts

23
Q

What is a Biofilm ?

A

communities of microbes

24
Q

What is Culture Media?

A

nutrient material used to grow microbes in the lab

25
Q

Inoculum

A

microbes introduced into medium

26
Q

Culture

A

microbes growing in medium

27
Q

Chemically Defined Medium

A
  • exact composition is known

- must contain energy and carbon source for specific microbe

28
Q

Complex Media

A

extracts for yeast, meat and plants

29
Q

Reducing Media

A

for anaerobes, have ingredients that combine with and deplete oxygen

30
Q

Selective Media

A

suppress growth of unwanted and encourage growth of desired microbes

31
Q

Differential Media

A

distinguish colonies of desired organism form others on plate

32
Q

Enrichment Media

A

media specific for a microbe, used to increase numbers of an organism

33
Q

Colony

A

group of the multiple cells of same microbe attached together

34
Q

Streak Plate

A

isolate single colonies

streaked to separate colonies

35
Q

Binary fission

A

bacterial reproduction

36
Q

Budding

A

some bacteria, yeast; form bud out of parent cell that eventually separates

37
Q

Generation time

A

time require for a cell to divide

38
Q

Phases of growth

A

Lag, Log, Stationary, and Death

39
Q

Lag Phase

A

beginning of growth, cells adjust to new environment
little or no division
cells prepare for reproduction

40
Q

Log phase

A

cell divide, logarithmic increase

active cells

41
Q

Stationary

A

growth rate slows

reaches equilibrium

42
Q

Death

A

death exceeds # new cells
logarithmic decrease
population diminishes to small number or entirely

43
Q

Plate count

A

bacteria on plate and count colonies

44
Q

Serial dilutions

A

dilute original culture in order to have countable number of colonies

45
Q

Filtration

A

concentrate culture so bacteria are smaller volume

46
Q

Pour plate

A

bacteria in media is added to liquid agar and solidified

bacteria grow within medium/agar

47
Q

Spread Plate method

A

bacteria culture is added on top of solidified agar plate

bacteria grown on top of medium/ agar

48
Q

MPN

A

most probable number

bacteria that won’t grow on solid medium

49
Q

Direct microscopic count

A

sample placed on marked slide
bacteria counted
counts dead cells, motiles bacteria difficult

50
Q

Coulter counters

A

electronic counters

used in research and hospitals

51
Q

Turbidity

A

more bacteria in culture= more cloudy or turbid the medium

52
Q

Metabolic activity

A

measures the amount of metabolic product

53
Q

Dry Weight

A

filamentous bacteria and fungi
plate count wouldn’t count filamentous mass
microbe removed form medium, filtered and dried and weighed

MICROBIO (6 decks)

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