Chapter 6 & 9

Question 1

What type of joint lacks a cavity and is held together by a fibrous connective tissue?

Answer 1

Fibrous joint

Question 2

What is the functional classification of a joint that is freely moveable?

Answer 2

Diarthrosis

Question 3

What is the functional classification of a joint that is slightly moveable?

Answer 3

Amphiarthrosis

Question 4

What is the functional classification of a joint that is immovable?

Answer 4

Synarthrosis

Question 5

What functional class of joint is a suture

Answer 5

Synathrosis

Question 6

What is the name of the fibrous joint that is composed of a thin layer of dense irregular fibrous connective tissue found between the bones of the skull?

Answer 6

Suture

Question 7

The epiphyseal plate in a long bone is an example of which type of joint?

Answer 7

Synchondrosis

Question 8

The joint between the first rib and the manubrium of the sternum is classified as what type of joint?

Answer 8

A synchondrosis, synarthrosis and cartilaginous joint

Question 9

What are the characteristics of synovial joints?

Answer 9

Contains a joint cavity
Are freely movable
Articulating bones covered by hyaline cartilage
Have ligaments holding the joint together

Question 10

What type of tissue are ligaments made of?

Answer 10

Dense regular connective tissue

Question 11

What type of logaments are found at the fibular and tibial collateral ligaments of the knee joint?

Answer 11

Extra-capsular ligaments

Question 12

What are the functions of articular discs?

Answer 12

Shock absorption
Weight distribution
Adaptable surfaces for movement

Question 13

What are two structures that reduce friction in the joint?

Answer 13

Synovial fluid and bursae

Question 14

In which type of synovial joint does a rounded or pointed surface on one bone articulate with a ring formed partly by another bone and partly by a ligament?

Answer 14

Pivot joint e.g between the head of radius and radial notch of ulna

Question 15

What type of cartilage is the epiphyseal plate made up of?

Answer 15

Hyaline cartilage

Question 16

What is the most important hormone in calcium regulation?

Answer 16

Parathyroid hormone

Question 17

What type of tissue is medial collateral ligament?

Answer 17

Dense regular connective tissue

Question 18

All of the following ligaments are related to the hip joint except?
A) zona orbicularis 
B) iliofemoral
C) acetabular
D) all of the above

Answer 18

D all of the above

Question 19

True or false? The accessory ligaments are used to reduce friction

Answer 19

False - it’s the job of synovial fluid and bursa

Question 20

What are the basic functions of bones?

Answer 20

Support for soft tissues
Protect internal organs
Assist in body movements
Store and release salts of calcium & phosphorus
Blood cell production (hemopoiesis)
Triglycerides storage in adipose cells of yellow marrow

Question 21

What does the spongy bone contain?

Answer 21

Red bone marrow

Question 22

What type of tissue lines the medullary cavity?

Answer 22

Endosteum

Question 23

What is in the medullary cavity?

Answer 23

Yellow bone marrow in adults

Nutrient artery

Question 24

Name the four types of bone tissue cells

Answer 24

Osteoprogenitor - stem cells
Osteoblasts- bone building
Osteocytes- mature bone
Osteoclasts- remodelling bone

Question 25

What are the four parts of compact bone (osteon)

Answer 25

Lamellae- concentric rings of mineral Lacunae- spaces bwtn lamellae contains osteocytes Canalculi- routes for nutrients and waste exchange for osteocytes Central canal - contains blood vessels

Question 26

What are trabeculae?

Answer 26

Columns of bone in spongy bone that contains: lamellae, osteocytes in Lucanae, canalculi NO central canal

Question 27

What are the features of the periosteum?

Answer 27

Protects the bone - attaches to it by perforating fibers (sharpey’s) Assists in fracture repair Helps nourish the bone Attachment point for ligaments and tendons

Question 28

What are the features of endosteum?

Answer 28

Lines the medullary cavity Single layer of bone forming cells Contributes to the thickening of the bone

Question 29

What are the features of yellow marrow?

Answer 29

Fatty tissue occupying the marrow cavity within the diaphysis Stores triglycerides as potential chemical energy reserves Contributes in minimizing the weight of long bones w/out compromising strength

Question 30

What are the features of red marrow

Answer 30

Connective tissue that generates the blood cells by hemopoiesis Consists of developing blood cells, adipocytes, fibroblasts, and macrophages in a network of reticular fibers Only present in some bones in adults: coxal, sternum, vertebral bodies, ribs and skull

Question 31

What four situations does bone form?

Answer 31

1. During embryonic & fetal development 2. When bones grow before adulthood 3. When bones remodel 4. When fractures heal

Question 32

What 4 types of tissue are bones formed of?

Answer 32

Osseous tissue Periosteum Endosteum Red and yellow bone marrow