Chapter 6-7: Ionic and Metallic Bonding Flashcards
What is the formula for lead(II) nitrate?
Pb(NO3)2
What is the name of the compound Sr(NO2)2?
Strontium nitrite
A regular, repeating, three dimensional array of atoms, molecules or ions that minimizes energy.
Crystal
Using electron dot structures, predict the formula for rubidium phosphide.
Rb3P
What is the formula for nickel(III) sulfide?
Ni2S3
A charged group of covalently bonded atoms.
A polyatomic ion
Which of the following would you expect to have a higher melting point? Why?
KCl or CaCl2
CaCl2 should have the higher melting point. Calcium is a smaller ion than potassium, causing the charges to be closer together, and the lattice energy to be stronger. Additionally, the calcium ion has a +2 charge, but the potassium ion has only a +1 charge. Lattice energies (and thus melting points) are higher for ions having higher magnitude charges.
A rule that states that atoms form compounds in order to achieve 8 valence electrons (a noble gas electron configuration).
The octet rule
The collection of a metal’s delocalized valence electrons that move freely throughout the metal, shared by all of the metal’s cation cores.
Electron sea
What is the name of the compound MgCl2?
Magnesium chloride
A compound composed of only 2 different elements; a monatomic cation and a monatomic anion. Their names always end in -ide.
Binary ionic compound
How many total electrons are there in the phosphide ion, P-3?
18
A chemical bond that results from the electrical attraction between cations and anions.
Ionic bond
What is the name of the compound KOH?
Potassium hydroxide
The chemical bonding that results from the attraction between metal cation cores and the surrounding sea of electrons.
Metallic bonding
The amount of energy as heat required to vaporize a metal. It is a measure of the strength of the bonds that hold the metal together.
Enthalpy of vaporization
Which of the following would you expect to have a higher melting point? Why?
KF or KBr
KF should have a higher melting point than KBr. Fluoride and bromide ions have the same charge (-1), but the ionic radius of fluoride is much smaller than that of bromide. This results in a higher lattice energy since the positive and negative charges are closer together.
A polyatomic ion containing oxygen.
Oxyanion (or oxoanion)
A compound composed ot positive and negative ions (cations and anions) that are combined so that the numbers of positive and negative charges are equal.
An ionic compound
The ability of a substance to be pulled into a wire.
Ductility
What is the name of the compound V2S3?
Vanadium(III) sulfide
Another term for an ionic compound.
Salt
How many electrons are there in the zinc ion, Zn+2?
28 electrons. Metals lose valence electrons when forming ions. A +2 charge means there are two more positively charged protons than negatively charged electrons.
Atoms or ions having the same electron configuration like Na+1, Mg+2, O-2, F-1, and Ar are….
Isoelectronic
What is formula for zirconium oxide?
ZrO2
A substance that conducts electricty when melted or dissolved in water.
Electrolytes
The ability of a substance to be hammered into thin sheets.
Malleability
Adjective that describes the mobile valence electrons of a metal.
Delocalized
What is the formula for ammonium phosphate?
(NH4)3PO4
The naming system that uses Roman numerals to indicate the charge of the ions of elements which can have multiple ions. For example: iron(III), copper(I), lead(IV).
Stock system
Using electron dot structures, predict the formula for scandium flouride.
ScF3
An ion that results from either the gain or loss of one or more electrons by a single atom.
Monatomic ion
Which substance would you expect to shatter when struck with a hammer? Why?
Aluminum or aluminum oxide
Aluminum oxide would shatter. It is an ionic compound, It has a fixed crystal lattice. Striking it with a hammer would cause a shift in the ions that would put like-charged ions beside each other. The resulting repulsion would cause it to shatter. This is why ionic compounds are brittle. Aluminum metal simply dents when struck as the cation cores and sea of electrons simply shift in response to the impact.
The energy released when one mole of ionic crystalline compound is formed from gaseous ions.
or
The change in energy that occurs when an ionic solid is separated into isolated ions in the gas phase
Lattice energy
The zinc ion’s (Zn+2) electron configuration [Ar]3d10 illustrates what kind of stable electron configuration?
A pseudo noble gas electron configuration.
What is the formula for sodium sulfate?
Na2SO4
The lowest whole number ratio of cations to anions in an ionic compound.
or
The simplest collection of atoms from which an ionic compound’s formual can be written.
Formula Unit
What is the name of the compound SnO2?
Tin(IV) oxide
The formula for the iodate ion is IO3-1. What is the expected formula for the iodite ion?
IO2-1. Changing the suffix of a polyatomic ion from -ate to -ite involves removing an oxygen while keeping the charge the same.
An ion that is formed as a result of a single atom either gaining or losing electrons?
A monatomic ion
All monatomic ions have this ending.
-ide (like fluoride, telluride, oxide, bromide, etc…)
