7.3, 7.4, & Chapter 8 Flashcards
Will the compound FeCl3 dissolve in water? How can you tell?
Yes. Looking at the solubility chart on the periodic table, iron(III) chloride shows (aq), meaning that putting the compound in water results in an aqueous solution of it - it dissolves in water.
A solid that is produced as a result of a chemical reaction in solution and that separates from the solution.
Precipitate
Will the following reaction proceed as written? Explain.
Ca + Cu(NO3)2 –> Cu + Ca(NO3)2
Yes. Since calcium is above copper in the activity series, it will replace it.
A list of elements organized according to the ease with which the elements undergo certain chemical reactions.
Activity Series
Will the following reaction proceed as written? Explain.
AgBr + I2 –> AgI + Br2
No. Since the halogen iodine is below the halogen bromine on the periodic table, it is less active and will not replace it.
Will the compound MgO dissolve in water? How can you tell?
No. Looking at the solubility chart on the periodic table, magnesium oxide shows (s), meaning that, when placed in water, the compound remains solid - it does not dissolve.
Show the net ionic equation for the following reaction. You must first predict the products, balance the equation, and determine the solubilty of the products.
K2S (aq) + Zn(NO3)2 (aq) –>
A reaction in which a single compound produces two or more simpler substances:
AB –> A + B
ONLY ONE REACTANT
Decomposition Reaction
The seven diatomic elements are… (the mnemomic device is Have No Fear Of Ice Cold Beverages)
H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2
The separation of ions that occurs when an ionic compound dissolves.
Dissociation
Ions that do not take part in a chemical reaction and are found in solution both before and after the reaction.
Spectator ions
When balancing chemical equations, the only things that may be changed are the…
Coefficients
The symbols written after a substance in a chemical equation to indicate solid, liquid, gas, or aqueous, respectively.
(s), (l), (g), (aq)
When a solid is dissolved in water, it is this type of solution.
Aqueous
A chemical reaction in which the products re-form the original reactants.
A reversible reaction
States that atoms are neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction; they are only rearranged.
The Law of Conservation of Mass
A small whole number that appears in front of a formula in a chemical equation.
A coefficient
A reaction in which a substance combines with oxygen, releasing a large amount of energy.
When involving a hydrocarbon, the products are always carbon dioxide and water:
CxHy +O2 –> CO2 + H2O
Combustion Reaction
The symbol shown here means…
Heat is added to drive a reaction
What type of reaction is shown below? Predict the products and then balance.
Cd(s) + AgC2H3O2(aq) –>
Single Displacement
Cd(s) + 2AgC2H3O2(aq) –>2Ag(s) + Cd(C2H3O2)2(aq)
A reaction in which one element replaces a similar element in a compound.
A + BC –> B + AC
Single Replacement
What type of reaction is shown below? Predict the products and then balance.
Na2SO4(aq) + Ba(NO3)2(aq) –>
Double Displacement
Na2SO4(aq) + Ba(NO3)2(aq) –> 2NaNO3(aq) + BaSO4(s)
Uses symbols and formulas to represent the identities and relative molecular or molar amounts of the reactants and products in a chemical reaction.
Chemical equation
What type of reaction is shown below? Predict the products and then balance.
C10H22(s) + O2(g) –>
Combustion
2C10H22(s) + 31O2(g) –> 20CO2(g) + 22H2O(g)
The symbol shown here means…
A reversible reaction.
What type of reaction is shown below? Predict the products and then balance.
Ag2O(s) –>
Decomposition
2Ag2O(s) –> 4Ag(s) +O2(g)
A reaction in which two or more substances combine to form a new compound.
A + B –> AB
ONLY ONE PRODUCT
Synthesis Reaction
A chemical equation is balanced when…
The same number of atoms appear on both sides of the arrow.
A substance that changes the rate of a chemical reaction but can be recovered unchanged.
Catalyst
What type of reaction is shown below? Predict the products and then balance.
Na(s) + F2(g) –>
Synthesis
2Na(s) + F2(g) –> 2NaF(s)
An equation that includes only those compounds and ions that undergo a chemical change in a reaction in aqueous solution.
Net ionic equation
Four easily observed changes that usually indicate a chemical reaction has occurred.
- Color Change
- Release/Absorption of energy (usually heat)
- Production of a gas
- Formation of a precipitate
A reaction in which the ions of two compounds exchange places in an aqueous solution to form two new compounds.
AB + CD –> AD + CB
Double Displacement
The symbol shown here means…
A catalyst was used to speed up the reaction (specifically platinum in this case, but could be other substances).
The → symbol means…
Yields
The suggested steps for balancing equations are…
- Balance atoms that appear only once on either side of the arrow first
- Balance everything except hydrogen and oxygen
- Balance hydrogen
- Balance oxygen
Tetracycline is an antibiotic used in the treatment of acne and rosacea. The compound is 59.46% carbon, 5.44% hydrogen, 6.30% nitrogen, and 28.80% oxygen. Calculate the empirical formula of this compound.
In a separate experiment, the molecular mass of tetracycline was determined to be 444.432u. What is its molecular formula?
A certain compound consists only of sulfur and nitrogen. The mass composition for this compound was found to be 69.6% sulfur and the remainder nitrogen. What is the empirical formula of this compound?
If the molecular mass of the compound was found to be 184.32u, what is its molecular formula?
When taking x-rays of the upper gastrointestinal tract, a patient is given a barium swallow as a contrast medium. The suspension of barium sulfate coats the upper GI tract with barium, enhancing its visibility on the x-ray. What is the mass composition of each element in barium sulfate, to two decimal places?
