Chapter 6 & 7 Flashcards
Ligaments
strong bands of fibrous connective tissue that attach to
bones and hold them together. bones-bones
tendons
strong bands of connective tissue that attach skeletal muscles to bones; muscles-bones
chondroblasts
Hyaline cartilage consists of these specialized cartilage producing cells
chondrocyte
When matrix surrounds a chondroblast, it becomes this rounded cell that occupies a space called a lacuna within the matrix.
perichondrium
double-layered connective tissue sheath covering most cartilage
Articular cartilage
cartilage covering the ends of bones where they come together to form joints, has no perichondrium, blood vessels, or nerves.
appositional growth
chondroblasts in the perichondrium add new cartilage to the outside edge of the existing cartilage.
interstitial growth
chondrocytes within the tissue divide and add more matrix between the existing cells
hydroxyapatite
The inorganic material within the bone matrix that consists
primarily of a calcium phosphate crystal
Osteoblasts
bone-forming cells that have an extensive endoplasmic reticulum and numerous ribosomes.
matrix vesicles
Osteoblasts also release these membrane-bound sacs formed when the plasma membrane buds, or protrudes outward, and pinches off.
Ossification or osteogenesis
formation of bone by osteoblasts.
osteocyte
Once an osteoblast becomes surrounded by bone matrix,
lacunae
The spaces occupied by the osteocyte cell bodies
canaliculi
the spaces occupied by the osteocyte cell processes
Osteoclasts
responsible for the reabsorption, or breakdown, of bone.
ruffled border
Where the plasma membrane of osteoclasts contacts bone matrix and forms many projections
stem cells
Some of the mesenchymal cells become stem cells, which can replicate and give rise to more specialized cell types.
Osteochondral progenitor cells
stem cells that can become osteoblasts or chondroblasts.
Osteogenesis imperfecta
also known as brittle bone disorder. This connective tissue disease is caused by a gene mutation that leads to the production of less collagen than normal or collagen that is abnormal in structure.
woven bone
collagen fibers are randomly oriented in many directions; first formed during fetal development or during the repair of a fracture.
bone remodeling
The process of removing old bone and adding new bone
Lamellar bone
mature bone that is organized into thin sheets or layers called lamellae
spongy bone
consists of interconnecting rods or plates of bone called trabeculae; Between the trabeculae are spaces that, in life, are filled with bone marrow and blood vessels.