Chapter 6 Flashcards
Agoraphobia
Characterized by a fear of being in a situation or place where escape might be difficult or embarrassing, or where help would be unavailable should a panic attack occur
Anaclitic depression
Characterized by feelings of helplessness and weakness; individuals often experience intense feelings of abandonment and are desperately dependent on others
Anxiety disorders
A class of disorders marked by feelings of excessive apprehension and anxiety
Anxiety sensitivity (AS)
Suggests that some individuals are predisposed to a fear of anxiety-related sensations that may make them more vulnerable to anxiety disorders
Bipolar disorders (BD)
Involves cycles b/w episodes of depression and mania
Categorical classification model
Psychological disorders are classified based on how they differ from normal functioning in KIND rather than degree
Compulsions
Repetitive behaviours or mental acts performed to reduce or prevent distress
Comorbidity
The coexistence of two or more disorders at the same time
Danger
One of the four D’s
Depressive disorders
A class of disorders marked by intense and prolonged emotional disturbances that may spill over to disrupt processes
Depressogenic schemata
Characterized by the tendency to see and experience the world in a negative fashion
Deviance
One of the four D’s
Dimensional classification model
Psychological disorders are classified based on how they differ from normal functioning in DEGREE rather than kind
Dissociative disorders
A class of disorders in which people lose contact with portions of their consciousness/memory, resulting in disruptions in their sense of identity
Distress
One of the four D’s
Dopamine hypothesis
Advocates that there is excess dopamine in the brains of individuals with schizophrenia
Dysfunction
One of the four D’s
Epidemiology
The study of the distribution of mental/physical disorders in a population
Expressed emotion
A measure of the degree to which criticism and negative attitudes are expressed by the family members, with whom the afflicted individual lives with, about or toward a person with a mental disorder
Factitious Disorder
Exaggerating or feigning an illness in order to assume the role of a sick person
Introjective depression
Characterized by feelings of guilt and worthlessness, and a sense that one has failed to live up to the expectations and standards imposed on them
Labelling theory
The application of a deviant label to an individual can result in changes of self-perception or the perception of others
Malingering
Exaggerating or feigning an illness in order to escape duty or work
Mania
Characterized by a period of excessively elevated mood
Medical student’s disease
Medical students perceive that either themselves or others around them have the symptoms of the diseases they are studying
Negative cognitive triad
Negative interpretations of themselves, the world, or their futures
Obsessions
Persistent ideas, thoughts or impulses that are unwanted and inappropriate, and cause marked distress
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
Characterized by both obsessions + compulsions
Other-oriented perfectionism
Demanding perfection from others
Overgeneralization
Occurs when someone makes a broad conclusion drawn on the basis of a single, often trivial, event
Panic disorder
A type of anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent attacks of overwhelming anxiety that usually occur suddenly and unexpectedly
Personality disorders
A class of psychological disorders marked by extreme, inflexible personality traits that cause subjective distress or impaired social and occupational functioning
Pessimistic Explanatory style
An individual who tends to attribute any setbacks they encounter to personal, global and stable causes
Prevalence
The % of a population that exhibits a disorder during a specified time period
Prognosis
The forecast about the probable course of an illness
Selective abstraction
Individuals draw a conclusion from a situation on the basis of one of many elements
Self-oriented perfectionism
Setting exceedingly high expectations for oneself
Social anxiety disorder
A marked fear of public appearances during which humiliation or embarrassment is possible
Socially prescribed perfectionism
Perceiving that others have expectations of one’s self
Specific phobias
Characterized by a persistent, intense and irrational fear of specific objects/places/situations
Symptom
Any characteristic of a person’s actions, thoughts or feelings that could be a potential indicator of mental illness
Syndrome
A collection of interrelated symptoms manifested by any given individual
