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Pysch 1XX3 > Chapter 3 (Part 1) > Flashcards

Chapter 3 (Part 1) Flashcards

1
Q

Absolute refractory period

A

The interval where a second axn potential cannot be initiated, no matter how large a stimulus is applied

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2
Q

Axn potential

A

Change in electrical potential associated with the passage of an impulse along the membrane of a neuron

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3
Q

Afferent nerve fibres

A

Fibers that carry information inward to the CNS from the periphery of the body

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4
Q

Anion

A
  • charged ion
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5
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

Part of the PNS, controls muscle movement that happens outside of our conscious awareness and control

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6
Q

Axon

A

Long threadlike part of a neuton dedicated to transmitting information to other neurons

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7
Q

Bipolar neuron

A

Has a single dendrite exiting one side of cell body, and single axon exiting the other

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8
Q

Cation

A

+ charged ion

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9
Q

Central nervous system

A

Composed of brain + spinal cord

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10
Q

Dendrites

A

A branched extension of a neuron, dedicated to receiving information transmitted from other neurons

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11
Q

Depolarization

A

When the membrane potential becomes more positive

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12
Q

Diffusion

A

Forces that moves molecules from areas of high to low concentration

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13
Q

Effector

A

Organ/cell that is capable of receiving and responding to nerve impulses

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14
Q

Efferent nerve fibres

A

Fibres that carry information outward from the CNS to the periphery of the body

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15
Q

Electrostatic pressure

A

The forces of attraction/repulsion between ions

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16
Q

Excitatory Postsynaptic Potential (EPSP)

A

Temporary depolarization of the postsynaptic membrane potential

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17
Q

Glial cell

A

Most common cell in CNS, provide structure and perform various housekeeping tasks

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18
Q

Hyperpolarization

A

The membrane potential becomes more - than the resting potential

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19
Q

Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potential (IPSP)

A

Temporary hyper polarization of the postsynaptic membrane potential

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20
Q

Interneuron

A

Neuron, transmits impulses b/w other neurons

21
Q

Leaky potassium channel

A

A potassium-selective pore that spans the cell membrane allowing potassium to pass through

22
Q

Motor neuron

A

Most common form of effector neuron

23
Q

Multipolar neuron

A

Composed of multiple dendrites extending from a single axon

24
Q

Myelin sheath

A

A tube of fatty tissue that forms an insulating covering around the axon

25
Q

Neural integration

A

The addition of the IPSPs and EPSPs

26
Q

Neuron

A

Specialized cell that transmits nerve impulses

27
Q

Neurotransmitter

A

Chemical substance that is released at the end of a neuron, caused by the arrival of a nerve impulse

28
Q

Nodes of Ranvier

A

a gap in the myelin sheath of a nerve

29
Q

Parasympathetic nervous system

A

Part of autonomic nervous system, helps to return the body to normal function after activation of the sympathetic

30
Q

Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

A

Composed of the nervous system outside of the brain/spinal cord

31
Q

Postsynaptic Potential

A

Brief depolarization/hyperpolarization of the membrane of the receiving neuron

32
Q

Relative refractory period

A

Occurs during hyperpolariztion after an axn potential, a greater than normal stimulus is required to elicit another axn potential

33
Q

Reuptake

A

When neurotransmitters are reabsorbed into the pre-synaptic cell

34
Q

Saltatory Conduction

A

the propagation of axn potentials along myelinated axons from one node of Ranvier to the next

35
Q

Sensory neurons

A

Transmit sensory information from the environment towards the rest of the nervous system

36
Q

Sodium-Potassium Pump

A

Ion transporter, pushes 3 Na+ out and brings 2 K+ in

37
Q

Soma

A

Cell body synonym

38
Q

Somatic nervous system

A

Part of PNS, controls voluntary movement of muscles

39
Q

Spatial summation

A

Several EPSPs from different pre-synaptic neurons occurring at the same time sum to create an axn potential

40
Q

Sympathetic Nervous System

A

part of autonomic nervous system, involved with preparing the body for emergencies

41
Q

Synapse

A

Junction b/w two neurons, small gap across which impulses pass by diffusion of neurotransmitters

42
Q

Synaptic transmission

A

The process by which neurotransmitters are released by neurons to bind and activate the receptors of the other neuron

43
Q

Synaptic vesicle

A

Located inside the terminal boutons, stores neurotransmitters that are released at synapse

44
Q

Temporal summation

A

High frequency of EPSPs from a single neuron elicit postsynaptic potentials that create an axn potential

45
Q

Terminal bouton

A

Location where connections to dendrites of nearby neurons are made

46
Q

Unipolar neuron

A

Composed of one process leaving the cell body that eventually branches into two directions

47
Q

Voltage dependent potassium channel

A

Opens when the membrane becomes depolarized allows K+ to leave cell

48
Q

Voltage gated sodium channel

A

Allows Na+ to rush into the cell when the membrane potential is below -55mV

Pysch 1XX3 (10 decks)

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