Chapter 6

Question 1

Non-Verbal Communication

Answer 1

is defined as all aspects of communication other than words themselves
It shares many broad similarities with verbal communication, but also has fundamental differences

Question 2

Non-Verbal Communication: Similarities

Answer 2

Both are symbolic (arbitrary, ambiguous and abstract).
Both are rule-guided.
Both can be intentional or unintentional.
Both are culture-bound.

Question 3

Non-Verbal Communication: Differences

Answer 3

Nonverbal communication is usually perceived as more believable.
Nonverbal can be multi-channeled.
Nonverbal is continuous.

Question 4

The Three Principles of Non-Verbal Communication

Answer 4

It May Supplement or Replace Verbal Communication (nodding your head instead of saying yes)
It May Regulate Interactions ()
Often establishes Relationship-Level Meanings

Question 5

Often establishes Relationship-Level Meanings

Responsiveness

Answer 5

indicates our interest in other’s communication
Includes eye contact, attentive posture
Synchronicity or harmony between postures shows comfort in interaction
Rapport refers to mutually positive interactions

Question 6

Often establishes Relationship-Level Meanings

Liking

Answer 6

indicates how positively or negatively we feel about others

Question 7

Power

Answer 7

used to assert dominance and to negotiate for status or influence
Includes initiation of contact, control over distance/space, authoritative tone, even violence

Question 8

The Nine Types of Non-Verbal Communication

Kinesic

Answer 8

Kinesic (Refers to body position and movement, including the face

Question 9

The Nine Types of Non-Verbal Communication

Haptics (Touch)

Answer 9

Physical contact crucial to our mental health

Touch can be used to communicate affection, restraint, control, etc.

Question 10

The Nine Types of Non-Verbal Communication

Physical Appearance

Answer 10

Most of us notice how others look, base on what kind of clothes we are wearing

Question 11

The Nine Types of Non-Verbal Communication

Artifacts (Objects)

Answer 11

Includes personal objects that we use to communicate identity or purpose  clothing, jewelry, etc.

Question 12

The Nine Types of Non-Verbal Communication

Environmental Factors

Answer 12

Elements of settings that affect how we feel and act

E.g. Romantic restaurant vs. Doctor’s office vs. Rock Concert , how do you behave in each of these spaces? Why?

Question 13

The Nine Types of Non-Verbal Communication

Proxemics (Space)

Answer 13

How we use space (distance between ourselves and others) can communicate control, power, affection, dislike, etc.
Heavily culturally influenced

Question 14

The Nine Types of Non-Verbal Communication

Chronemics (Time)

Answer 14

We often allocate time to signify relationships: we spend more time with those we like or schedule time with people to show affection

Question 15

The Nine Types of Non-Verbal Communication

Paralanguage

Answer 15

Includes: volume, pitch, speed, inflection, as well as accents, pronunciation, and the complexity of sentences

Question 16

The Nine Types of Non-Verbal Communication

Silence

Answer 16

Often used to show coldness, to disconfirm others, or to punish (e.g. ignoring children)