Chapter 6 Flashcards
primary emotions
Present in humans and other animals and emerge early in life
three types of cries
basic, anger, and pain cry
stranger anxiety – when is it more or less likely?
Fear and wariness of strangers; second half of first year and more likely to occur in response to males rather than women or other children
easy temperaments
have a positive disposition; their body
functions operate regularly and they are adaptable. 40%
slow-to-warm temperaments
have negative moods and are slow to
adapt to new situations; when confronted with a new
situation, they tend to withdraw. 10%
difficult temperaments
are inactive, showing
relatively calm reactions to their environment; their moods
are generally negative, and they withdraw from new
situations, adapting slowly. 15%
goodness of fit
development is dependent on the
degree of match between children’s temperament
and the nature and demands of the environment in
which they are being raised
mirror/rouge test
17-24 months
types of parental behaviors that create a sense of shame and doubt in children
- overprotectiveness and criticism
- neglectfulness and indifference
- punitiveness and sarcasm
- enmeshment and fear
social referencing
the intentional search for information
to help explain the meaning of uncertain circumstances
and events
Harlow’s surrogate mother experiment results
Harry Harlow showed, with monkeys, that food alone is
insufficient to bring about attachment.
Bowlby’s four stages of attachment
- Attachment to human figures
- Focus on one figure
- Specific attachments develop
- Become aware of others’ feelings
Ainsworth’s attachment styles/strange situation example
Mother & baby enter an unfamiliar room.
scaffolding
Parents time interactions so that infants experience turn taking with the parents
differences between maternal and paternal caregiving activities
Maternal interactions centre on child-care activities
• Feeding, changing diapers, bathing
Paternal interactions tend to be play-centered
