Chapter 1

Question 1

Development

Answer 1

the pattern of change that begins at conception and continues through the life-span, includes growth and decline

Question 2

Normative age-graded influences

Answer 2

Influences that are similar for individuals in a particular age group

Question 3

Examples of normative age-graded influences

Answer 3

puberty/menopause, beginning education, retirement

Question 4

Non-normative life events

Answer 4

Unusual occurrences that have a major impact on an individual’s life

Question 5

Examples of non-normative life events

Answer 5

death of a parent as a child, pregnancy as a teen, fire that destroys a home, winning the lottery, unexpected career opportunity

Question 6

Nature

Answer 6

Organism’s biological inheritance

Question 7

Nurture

Answer 7

Environmental experiences

Question 8

Vygotsky’s socio-cultural theory

Answer 8

A sociocultural cognitive theory that emphasizes how cultural and social interaction guide cognitive devlopment

Question 9

Skinner’s operant conditioning

Answer 9

behavior followed by rewarding stimulus is more likely to recur

Question 10

Observational learning

Answer 10

learned behavior acquired through observing others